CYCLOHEXYLAMINE DERIVATIVES HAVING ß2 ADRENERGIC AGONIST AND M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST ACTIVITIES

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to novel compounds having β2 adrenergic agonist and M3 muscarinic antagonist dual activity, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, to the process for their preparation and to their use in respiratory therapies.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/956,767,which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 14/357,344, filed May 9,2014, which is a national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. §371 ofInternational Application No. PCT/EP2012/072309, filed Nov. 9, 2012,which claims priority to European Application No. 11382344.7, filed Nov.11, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/563,907, filed Nov.28, 2011. The contents of all four applications are incorporated hereinby reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel compounds having β2 adrenergicagonist and M3 muscarinic antagonist dual activity. This invention alsorelates to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, process fortheir preparation and their use in respiratory therapies.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Bronchodilator agents play an outstanding role in the treatment ofrespiratory disorders such as COPD and asthma. Beta-adrenergic agonistsand cholinergic muscarinic antagonists are well establishedbronchodilator agents in widespread clinical use. Beta-adrenergicagonists currently used by the inhaled route include short-acting agentssuch as salbutamol (qid) or terbutaline (tid) and long-acting agentssuch as salmeterol and formoterol (bid). These agents producebronchodilation through stimulation of adrenergic receptors on airwaysmooth muscle, reversing the bronchoconstrictor responses to a varietyof mediators, such as acetylcholine. Inhaled muscarinic antagonistscurrently used include the short-acting ipratropium bromide oroxitropium bromide (qid) and the long-acting tiotropium (qd). Theseagents produce bronchodilation by reducing vagal cholinergic tone ofairway smooth muscle. In addition to improve lung function, these agentsalso improve quality of life and reduce exacerbations. There are in theclinical literature a number of studies strongly demonstrating that theadministration of a combination of a beta-2 agonist and a M3 antagonistis more efficacious for the treatment of COPD than either of thecomponents alone (for example, van Noord, J. A., et al., Eur.Respir.J.,2005; 26: 214-222). Pharmaceutical compositions containing a combinationof both types of bronchodilator agents are also known in the art for usein respiratory therapy. As an example, WO2009013244 discloses a medicalcomposition containing salmeterol as beta-adrenergic agonist agent andtiotropium as antimuscarinic agent.

The class of beta2 adrenergic is well known and widely used by thepersons skilled in the art, such as physicians, pharmacists orpharmacologists, for the treatment of respiratory disease, in particularasthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Paul A. Glossopet al., Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 2007, 41, 237-248). Mostof the beta2 adrenergic agonists are derivatives of naturalcatecholamines (e.g. epinephrine and norepinephrine) with which theyshare some common structural features, which are responsible for thesimilar interaction of these compounds with the beta 2 receptors(“Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”, 10^(th)edition, chapter 10, pages 215-233, Textbook of respiratory medicine,third edition, Chapter 11, p. 267-272). In fact, most of the beta2adrenergic agonist compounds have a general structure type that ispresent in the catechol (epinephrine and isoproterenol), namely anaminoethanol core flanked by an aryl group (J. R. Jacobsen, FutureMedicinal Chemistry, 2011, 3 (13), 1607-1622). Examples of the arylgroup that afford beta2 potency are but not limited to catechol,saligenin, formamide and 8-carbostyril groups (Paul A. Glossop et al.,Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 2007, 41, 237-248).

Dual-pharmacology muscarinic antagonists-beta2 agonist (MABA) moleculespresent an exciting new approach to the treatment of respiratory diseaseby combining muscarinic antagonism and beta2 agonisn in a single entity.In the literature there have been disclosed various compounds havingboth muscarinic receptor antagonist and beta2-agonist activity (A. D.Hughes et al., Future Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 3(13), 1585-1605). Allof these molecules possess a great variety of covalent linker fragmentsbetween the M3 antagonist and the beta2 agonist moieties, indicatingthat the structure of the linker radical is not critical to preserveboth activities, although such linker fragments has showed to be animportant tool for modulating physical properties and potency at eachtarget.

A single molecule possessing dual activity at muscarinic M3 andadrenergic 32 receptors (MABA) would therefore be desirable both interms of efficacy and side-effects in the treatment of COPD. It wouldshow also a relevant advantage in terms of formulation compared with thetwo-component combination. It also would be easier to co-formulate withother therapeutic agents such as inhaled anti-inflammatories to createtriple therapy combinations. Thus there is a need for new compoundshaving both beta2 receptor agonist and muscarinic receptor antagonistactivity and being suitable for the treatment of respiratory diseases,such as asthma and COPD.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides novel compounds that possess both β2 adrenergicreceptor agonist and muscarinic receptor antagonist activities.Accordingly, there is provided a compound of formula (I), orpharmaceutically acceptable salts or N-oxides or solvates or deuteratedderivatives thereof:

Wherein

-   -   B is a moiety having a beta2-adrenergic binding activity,    -   R₁ and R₂ independently are selected from the group consisting        of a hydrogen atom and a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group,    -   R₃ represents a group of formula:

wherein:

-   -   R⁴ represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a hydroxymethyl        group or a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group,    -   R⁵ represents a saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group,        a C₅₋₆ aryl group, a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl group        containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, S, and O; a        (C₁₋₄ alkyl)-(C₅₋₆ aryl) group, a (C₁₋₄ alkyl)-(C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl)        group or a (C₁₋₄ alkyl)-(5- to 6-membered heteroaryl group        containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, S, and O)        group, which groups independently are optionally substituted by        one or more substituents R^(a),    -   R⁶ represents a C₅₋₆ aryl group, a 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl        group containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, S, and        O, a saturated or unsaturated C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈        alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a (C₁₋₄        alkyl)-(C₅₋₆ aryl) group, a (C₁₋₄ alkyl)-(C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl) group        or a (C₁₋₄ alkyl)-(5- to 6-membered heteroaryl group containing        at least one heteroatom selected from N, S, and O) group, which        groups independently are optionally substituted by one or more        substituents R^(b),    -   R^(a) and R^(b) independently represent a halogen atom, a        hydroxy group, C₁₋₄ alkyl group, C₁₋₄ alkoxy group, —SH, a C₁₋₄        alkylthio group, a nitro group, a cyano group, —CO₂R′, —NR′R″,        —C(O)NR′R″, —N(R′″)C(O)—R′, —N(R′″)—C(O)NR′R″, wherein R′, R″        and R′″ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₄        alkyl group, or R′ and R″ together with the nitrogen atom to        which they are attached from a 3 to 6 membered heterocyclic        ring.    -   Q represents a direct bond, —CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—, —O—, —O—CH₂—, —S—,        —S—CH₂—, —NH—, —NH—CH₂— or —CH═CH—,    -   * represents the point of attachment of R₃ to the remainder of        the molecule of formula (I),    -   A₁ and A₂ independently are selected from the group consisting        of a C₁₋₁₀ alkylene group, a C₂₋₁₀ alkenylene group and a C₂₋₁₀        alkynylene group, wherein said groups are optionally substituted        with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a        hydroxy group, a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group, a linear        or branched a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group, a C₅₋₆ aryl group and a C₃₋₇        cycloalkyl group,    -   L₁ is selected from a direct bond, —O—, —NR^(c)—, —S—, —S(O)—,        —SO₂—, —NR^(c)(CO)—, —(CO)NR^(c)—, —NR^(c)(CO)(CH₂)_(q)O—,        —O(CH₂)_(q)(CO)NR^(c)—, —NR^(c)(CH₂)_(q)O—, —O(CH₂)_(q)NR^(c)—,        —NR^(c)(CO)NR^(d)—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂NR^(c)—,        —NR^(c)S(O)₂₋, —NR^(c)S(O)₂NR^(d)—, —C(O)NR^(c)S(O)₂— and        —S(O)₂NR^(c)C(O)—, wherein R^(c) and R^(d) are independently        selected form a hydrogen atom and a linear or branched C₁₋₄        alkyl group and q has a value of 0, 1 or 2,    -   G is selected from the group consisting of a C₃₋₁₀ mono- or        bicyclic cycloalkyl group, a C₅-C₁₄ mono- or bicyclic aryl        group, a 3- to 14-membered saturated or unsaturated mono- or        bicyclic heterocyclyl group having one or more heteroatoms        selected from N, S and O, a 5- to 14-membered mono- or bicyclic        heteroaryl group having one or more heteroatoms selected from N,        S and O and a bicyclic ring system consisting of two monocyclic        ring systems which are linked between each other by a covalent        bond wherein said monocyclic ring systems are independently        selected from a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₅-C₆ aryl group, a 3-        to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclyl group having        one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and a 5- to        6-membered heteroaryl group having one or more heteroatoms        selected from N, S and O, wherein the cyclic groups        independently are optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, a        C₁₋₄ alkoxy group, a carboxy, group, a cyano group, a nitro        group, a hydroxy group, an oxo group, a trifluoromethyl group        and a trifluoromethoxy group,        with the proviso that when G is a phenyl group, L₁ is not one of        the group selected from a direct bond, —O—, —NHC(O)—, —C(O)NH—        and —NH(CO)O— group.

The invention also provides synthetic processes and intermediatesdescribed herein, which are useful for preparing compounds of theinvention.

The invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprisingat least a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically-acceptablecarrier.

The invention also provides a compound of the invention as describedherein for use in the treatment of human or animal body by therapy.

The invention is also directed to the compounds as described herein, foruse in the treatment of a pathological condition or disease associatedwith dual β2 adrenergic receptor and muscarinic receptor activities inparticular wherein the pathological condition or disease is selectedfrom a pulmonary disease, such as asthma or chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, pre-term labor, glaucoma, a neurological disorder, acardiac disorder, inflammation, urological disorders such as urinaryincontinence and gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowelsyndrome or spastic colitis, preferably asthma and chronic obstructivepulmonary disease.

The invention also provides the use of the compounds of the invention asdescribed herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatmentof a pathological condition or disease associated with dual β2adrenergic receptor and muscarinic receptor activities, in particularwherein the pathological condition or disease is selected from apulmonary disease, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease, pre-term labor, glaucoma, a neurological disorder, a cardiacdisorder, inflammation, urological disorders such as urinaryincontinence and gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowelsyndrome or spastic colitis, preferably asthma and chronic obstructivepulmonary disease.

The invention is also directed to a method of treatment of apathological condition or disease associated with dual β2 adrenergicreceptor and muscarinic receptor activities, in particular wherein thepathological condition or disease is selected from a pulmonary disease,such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pre-term labor,glaucoma, a neurological disorder, a cardiac disorder, inflammation,urological disorders such as urinary incontinence and gastrointestinaldisorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colitis,preferably asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, comprisingadministering a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of theinvention or a pharmaceutical composition of the invention to a subjectin need of such treatment.

The invention also provides a combination product comprising (i) atleast a compound of the invention as described herein; and (ii) one ormore active ingredients selected from the group consisting of acorticosteroid and/or a PDE4 inhibitor, for simultaneous, separate orsequential use in the treatment of the human or animal body.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

When describing the compounds, compositions and methods of theinvention, the following terms have the following meanings, unlessotherwise indicated.

As used herein the term C₁-C₄ alkyl embraces linear or branched radicalshaving 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl and t-butyl radicals.

As used herein, the term C₁-C₁₀ alkylene embraces divalent alkylmoieties typically having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of C₁-C₁₀alkylene radicals include methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene,pentylene and hexylene radicals.

As used herein, the term C₂-C₁₀ alkenylene embraces divalent alkenylmoieties typically having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of C₂-C₁₀alkenylene radicals include vinylene, propenylene, butenylene,pentenylene, hexenylene, heptenylene, octenylenyl radicals.

As used herein, the term C₂-C₁₀ alkynylene embraces divalent alkynylmoieties having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples include propynylene,butynylene, heptynylene, octynylene.

As used herein, the term C₁-C₄ alkoxy (or alkyloxy) embraces optionallysubstituted, linear or branched oxy-containing radicals each havingalkyl portions of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy,n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy and t-butoxy.

As used herein, the term C₁-C₄ alkylthio embraces radicals containing alinear or branched alkyl radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms attached to adivalent —S— radical.

Examples include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, i-propylthio,n-butylthio, sec-butylthio and t-butylthio.

As used herein, the term C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl radical embraces saturatedmonocyclic carbocyclic radicals having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms.Examples of monocyclic cycloalkyl groups include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyland cyclohexyl group.

As used herein, the term C₅-C₁₄ aryl radical embraces typically aC₅-C₁₄, preferably a C₆-C₁₄, more preferably a C₆-C₁₀ monocyclic orpolycyclic aryl radical. Examples of aryl radicals include phenyl,naphthyl, naphthalenyl, anthranyl and phenanthryl.

As used herein, the term 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl radical embracestypically a 5- to 14-membered ring system comprising at least oneheteroaromatic ring and containing at least one heteroatom selected fromO, S and N. A 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl radical may be a single ringor two or more fused rings wherein at least one ring contains aheteroatom.

Examples include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, furyl,benzofuranyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl,imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl,benzothiazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl,phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, quinolizinyl,cinnolinyl, triazolyl, indolizinyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoindolyl,imidazolidinyl, pteridinyl, thianthrenyl, pyrazolyl,2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl, 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl,thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidinyl and the various pyrrolopyridyl radicals.

As used herein, the term 3- to 14-membered heterocyclyl radical embracestypically a non-aromatic, saturated or unsaturated C₃-C₁₄ carbocyclicring system in which one or more, for example 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the carbonatoms preferably 1 or 2 of the carbon atoms are replaced by a heteroatomselected from N, O and S. A heterocyclic radical may be a single ring ortwo or more fused rings wherein at least one ring contains a heteroatom,and may have one or more double bonds Examples of 3 to 14-memberedheterocyclic radicals include piperidyl, pyrrolidyl, pyrrolinyl,piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolinyl,pirazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, triazolyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl,imidazolidinyl, imidazolyl, oxiranyl, thiaranyl, aziridinyl, oxetanyl,thiatanyl, azetidinyl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazolyl, 2-benzofuran-1 (3H)-one,1,3-dioxol-2-one, tetrahydrofuranyl, 3-aza-tetrahydrofuranyl,tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl,1,4-azathianyl, oxepanyl, thiephanyl, azepanyl, 1,4-dioxepanyl,1,4-oxathiepanyl, 1,4-oxaazepanyl, 1,4-dithiepanyl, 1,4-thiezepanyl,1,4-diazepanyl, tropanyl, (1 S,5R)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl,3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranyl, 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyranyl, 2H-pyranyl,2,3-hydrobenzofuranyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridinyl,1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, isoindolinyl and indolinyl.

As used herein, the term halogen atom embraces chlorine, fluorine,bromine or iodine atoms. A halogen atom is typically a fluorine,chlorine or bromine atom. The term halo when used as a prefix has thesame meaning.

Also included within the scope of the invention are the isomers,polymorphs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, N-oxides, isotopes,solvates and prodrugs of the compounds of formula (I). Any reference toa compound of formula (I) throughout the present specification includesa reference to any isomer, polymorph, pharmaceutically acceptable salt,N-oxide, isotope, solvate or prodrug of such compound of formula (I).

Isomers

Compounds containing one or more chiral centre may be used inenantiomerically or diastereoisomerically pure form, in the form ofracemic mixtures and in the form of mixtures enriched in one or morestereoisomer. The compounds of the present invention as described andclaimed encompass the racemic forms of the compounds as well as theindividual enantiomers, diastereomers, and stereoisomer-enrichedmixtures.

Conventional techniques for the preparation/isolation of individualenantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pureprecursor or resolution of the racemate using, for example, chiral highpressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alternatively, the racemate (or aracemic precursor) may be reacted with a suitable optically activecompound, for example, an alcohol, or, in the case where the compoundcontains an acidic or basic moiety, an acid or base such as tartaricacid or 1-phenylethylamine. The resulting diastereomehc mixture may beseparated by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization and one orboth of the diastereoisomers converted to the corresponding pureenantiomer(s) by means well known to one skilled in the art. Chiralcompounds of the invention (and chiral precursors thereof) may beobtained in enantiomerically-enriched form using chromatography,typically HPLC, on an asymmetric resin with a mobile phase consisting ofa hydrocarbon, typically heptane or hexane, containing from 0 to 50%isopropanol, typically from 2 to 20%, and from 0 to 5% of an alkylamine,typically 0.1% diethylamine. Concentration of the eluate affords theenriched mixture. Stereoisomer conglomerates may be separated byconventional techniques known to those skilled in the art. See, e.g.“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds” by Ernest L. Eliel (Wiley, NewYork, 1994).

The compounds of Formula (I) may exhibit the phenomena of tautomerismand structural isomerism. Tautomers exist as mixtures of a tautomericset in solution. In solid form, usually one tautomer predominates. Eventhough one tautomer may be described, the present invention includes alltautomers of the compounds of Formula (I).

Polymorphs

The compounds of the present invention may exist in different physicalforms, i.e. amorphous and crystalline forms.

Moreover, the compounds of the invention may have the ability tocrystallize in more than one form, a characteristic which is known aspolymorphism. Polymorphs can be distinguished by various physicalproperties well known in the art such as X-ray diffraction pattern,melting point or solubility. All physical forms of the compounds of thepresent invention, including all polymorphic forms (“polymorphs”)thereof, are included within the scope of the invention.

Salts

As used herein, the term pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to asalt prepared from a base or acid which is acceptable for administrationto a patient, such as a mammal. Such salts can be derived frompharmaceutically-acceptable inorganic or organic bases and frompharmaceutically-acceptable inorganic or organic acids.

As used herein, the term pharmaceutically acceptable salt embraces saltswith a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base. Pharmaceuticallyacceptable acids include both inorganic acids, for example hydrochloric,sulphuric, phosphoric, diphosphoric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic and nitricacid; and organic acids, for example citric, fumaric, gluconic,glutamic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, mucic, ascorbic, oxalic,pantothenic, succinic, tartaric, benzoic, acetic, methanesulphonic,ethanesulphonic, benzenesulphonic, p-toluenesulphonic acid, xinafoic(1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid), napadisilic (1,5-naphthalenedisulfonicacid) and the like. Particularly preferred are salts derived fromfumaric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, acetic, sulfuric, methanesulfonic,xinafoic, and tartaric acids.

Salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable inorganic bases includealuminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium,magnesium, manganic, manganous, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like.Particularly preferred are ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium andsodium salts.

Salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable organic bases includesalts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, including alkyl amines,arylalkyl amines, heterocyclyl amines, cyclic amines,naturally-occurring amines and the like, such as arginine, betaine,caffeine, choline, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine,2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine,ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine,glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine,methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins,procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine,tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.

Other preferred salts according to the invention are quaternary ammoniumcompounds wherein an equivalent of an anion (X⁻) is associated with thepositive charge of the N atom. X⁻ may be an anion of various mineralacids such as, for example, chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate,nitrate, phosphate, or an anion of an organic acid such as, for example,acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate,malate, mandelate, trifluoroacetate, methanesulphonate andp-toluenesulphonate. X⁻ is preferably an anion selected from chloride,bromide, iodide, sulphate, nitrate, acetate, maleate, oxalate, succinateor trifluoroacetate. More preferably X⁻ is chloride, bromide,trifluoroacetate or methanesulphonate.

N-Oxides

As used herein, an N-oxide is formed from the tertiary basic amines orimines present in the molecule, using a convenient oxidising agent.

Isotopes

The invention also includes isotopically-labeled compounds of theinvention, wherein one or more atoms is replaced by an atom having thesame atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from theatomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopessuitable for inclusion in the compounds of the invention includeisotopes of hydrogen, such as ²H and ³H, carbon, such as ¹¹C, ¹³C and¹⁴C, chlorine, such as ³⁶Cl, fluorine, such as ¹⁸F, iodine, such as ¹²³Iand ¹²⁵I, nitrogen, such as ¹³N and ¹⁵N, oxygen, such as ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O and¹⁸O, phosphorus, such as ³²P, and sulfur, such as ³⁵S. Certainisotopically-labeled compounds of the invention, for example, thoseincorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substratetissue distribution studies. The radioactive isotopes tritium, ³H, andcarbon-14, ¹⁴C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view oftheir ease of incorporation and ready means of detection. Substitutionwith heavier isotopes such as deuterium, ²H, may afford certaintherapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, forexample, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, andhence may be preferred in some circumstances. Substitution with positronemitting isotopes, such as ¹¹C, ¹⁸F, ¹⁵O and ¹³N, can be useful inPositron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining substratereceptor occupancy.

Isotopically-labeled compounds of the invention can generally beprepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art orby processes analogous to those described herein, using an appropriateisotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagentotherwise employed.

Preferred isotopically-labeled compounds include deuterated derivativesof the compounds of the invention. As used herein, the term deuteratedderivative embraces compounds of the invention where in a particularposition at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by deuterium. Deuterium(D or ²H) is present at a natural abundance of 0.015 molar %.

Solvates

The compounds of the invention may exist in both unsolvated and solvatedforms. The term solvate is used herein to describe a molecular complexcomprising a compound of the invention and an amount of one or morepharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules. The term hydrate isemployed when said solvent is water. Examples of solvate forms include,but are not limited to, compounds of the invention in association withwater, acetone, dichloromethane, 2-propanol, ethanol, methanol,dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate, acetic acid, ethanolamine, ormixtures thereof. It is specifically contemplated that in the presentinvention one solvent molecule can be associated with one molecule ofthe compounds of the present invention, such as a hydrate.

Furthermore, it is specifically contemplated that in the presentinvention, more than one solvent molecule may be associated with onemolecule of the compounds of the present invention, such as a dihydrate.Additionally, it is specifically contemplated that in the presentinvention less than one solvent molecule may be associated with onemolecule of the compounds of the present invention, such as ahemihydrate.

Furthermore, solvates of the present invention are contemplated assolvates of compounds of the present invention that retain thebiological effectiveness of the non-solvate form of the compounds.

Prodrugs

Prodrugs of the compounds described herein are also within the scope ofthe invention. Thus certain derivatives of the compounds of the presentinvention, which derivatives may have little or no pharmacologicalactivity themselves, when administered into or onto the body may beconverted into compounds of the present invention having the desiredactivity, for example, by hydrolytic cleavage. Such derivatives arereferred to as ‘prodrugs’. Further information on the use of prodrugsmay be found in Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14, ACSSymposium Series (T. Higuchi and W. Stella) and Bioreversible Carriersin Drug Design, Pergamon Press, 1987 (ed. E. B. Roche, AmericanPharmaceutical Association).

Prodrugs in accordance with the invention can, for example, be producedby replacing appropriate functionalities present in the compounds of thepresent invention with certain moieties known to those skilled in theart as ‘pro-moieties’ as described, for example, in Design of Prodrugsby H. Bundgaard (Elsevier, 1985).

Typically G is selected from the group consisting of a C₅-C₆ aryl group,a 8- to 10-membered saturated or unsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl grouphaving one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S and O, a 8- to10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl group having one or more heteroatomsselected from N, S and O and a C₅-C₆ aryl group linked to a ring systemselected from a C₅₋₆ aryl group, a C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl group and a 5- to6-membered heteroaryl group having two or three heteroatoms selectedfrom N, S and O, wherein the cyclic groups independently are optionallysubstituted with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom,a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, ahydroxy group and an oxo group.

Preferably, G is selected from a phenyl group, a 9- to 10-memberedunsaturated bicyclic heterocyclyl group having one or more heteroatomsselected from N, S and O, a 9- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl grouphaving one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and a C₅-C₆ arylgroup linked to a ring system selected from a C₅₋₆ aryl group and a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl group having two or three heteroatoms selectedfrom N, S and O, wherein the cyclic groups independently are optionallysubstituted with one or two substituents selected from a halogen atom, amethyl group, a methoxy group, a cyano group, a hydroxy group and an oxogroup.

Typically, L₁ is selected from the group consisting of direct bond,—NR^(c)—, —S—, —SO₂—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —S(O)₂NR^(c)—, —NR^(c)S(O)₂—,—NR^(c)(CO)(CH₂)O—, —O(CH₂)(CO)NR^(c)—, —NR^(c)(CO)NR^(d)— and—CONR^(c)S(O)₂—, wherein R^(c) and R^(d) independently are selected froma hydrogen atom and a methyl group.

Preferably L₁ is selected from a direct bond, —NH—, —S—, —SO₂—, —C(O)—,—NR^(c)(CO)NR^(c)- and —O(CH₂)(CO)NR^(c)—, more preferably L₁ isselected from a direct bond, —NH—, —SO₂—, —NH(CO)NH— and—O(CH₂)(CO)NR^(c)—, being most preferably a direct bond or—O(CH₂)(CO)NR^(c)—.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, -G-L₁- has thefollowing formula:

wherein

-   -   V, W and Z are independently selected from a —N—, —C—, —S—, —O—        and —C(O)—    -   Lx represents a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl group having at least        one heteroatom selected from N, S and O, or Lx represents a        —O—CH₂—CO—NR^(d)—, wherein R^(d) represents a hydrogen atom or a        methyl group.    -   * represents the point of attachment with A₂ and    -    represents the point of attachment with A₁.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, -G-L₁- has thefollowing formula (Iwa):

wherein V, W and Z are as defined above.

In a still preferred embodiment,

-   -   Z is a nitrogen atom,    -   V represents a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a carbon atom or a        sulphur atom and,    -   W represents a nitrogen atom, a carbon atom or a carbonyl atom.

More preferably, G-L₁- has the following formula (Iwaa):

wherein V and W are as defined above.

Typically R³ represents a group of formula:

wherein:

-   -   R⁴ represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a hydroxymethyl        group or a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group,    -   R⁵ and R⁶ independently represent C₅₋₆ aryl group, a 5- to        6-membered heteroaryl group containing at least one heteroatom        selected from N, S, and O; (C₁₋₄ alkyl)-(C₅₋₆ aryl) group, a        C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group,    -   Q represents a direct bond or a —CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—, —O—, —O—CH₂—,        —S—, —S—CH₂—, or —CH═CH—,    -   * represents the point of attachment of R₃ to the remainder of        the molecule of formula (I),

More preferably R³ represents a group of formula i) or ii), wherein:

-   -   R⁴ represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a hydroxymethyl        group or a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group,    -   R⁵ and R⁶ independently represents a thienyl group, a phenyl        group, a benzyl group or a C₄₋₆ cycloalkyl group,    -   Q represents a direct bond or an oxygen atom,    -   * represents the point of attachment of R₃ to the remainder of        the molecule of formula (I),

In another embodiment, compounds of the present invention have thefollowing formula (IA):

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, A₁, A₂, V, W and B are as defined above.

Typically, A₁ and A₂ independently are selected from the groupconsisting of a C₁₋₆ alkylene group, C₂₋₆ alkenylene group and C₂₋₆alkynylene group, wherein said groups are optionally substituted withone or more substituents selected from halogen atom, a hydroxy group, aC₁₋₂ alkyl group, a C₁₋₂ alkoxy group, a C₅₋₆ aryl group and a C₃₋₆cycloalkyl group.

Preferably, A₁ and A₂ independently represent a C₁₋₆ alkylene groupoptionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from aC₁₋₂ alkyl group, a C₁₋₂ alkoxy group and a phenyl group, preferablysubstituted with one or two substituents selected from a methyl groupand a methoxy group, more preferably a methyl group.

Typically B is a moiety having a beta2-adrenergic binding activity suchthat the IC₅₀ of the compound is 1 mM or less, preferably 100 μM orless, more preferably 10 μM or less, more preferably 1 μM or less, morepreferably 500 nM or less, most preferably 250 nM or less, as measuredin a beta2-adrenergic binding assay.

Typically said beta2-adrenergic binding assay comprises:

-   -   a) providing a membrane suspension comprising Sf9 cells in an        assay buffer    -   b) incubating with 3H-CGP12177 in plates previously treated with        assay buffer containing a coating agent    -   c) measuring binding of test compound in the presence of        propanolol    -   d) maintaining incubation    -   e) terminating the binding reactions    -   f) determining the affinity of the test compound for the        receptor by repeating steps a) to e) using multiple different        test compound concentrations.    -   g) calculating an IC₅₀ using the four parameters-log equation.

Typically B represents a group of formula (IB):

wherein:

-   -   R⁷ is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a        linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group and a linear or branched        C₁₋₄ alkoxy group,    -   Ar is selected from the group consisting of a C₃₋₁₀ saturated or        unsaturated, mono- or bicyclic cycloalkyl group, a C₅-C₁₄ mono-        or bicyclic aryl group, a 3 to 14-membered saturated or        unsaturated mono- or bicyclic heterocyclyl group having one or        more heteroatoms selected from N, S and O, a 5- to 14-membered        mono- or bicyclic heteroaryl group having one or more        heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and wherein the cyclic        groups independently are optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a        nitro group, an oxo group, a carboxy group, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group,        a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group, —CF₃, —OCF₃, —NR^(e)R^(f), —(CH₂)_(p)—OH,        —NR^(e)(CO)R^(f), —NR^(e)—SO₂—R^(g), —SO₂NR^(e)R^(f),        —OC(O)R^(h), and —NR^(e)(CH₂)₍₀₋₂₎—R^(i), wherein p has a value        of 0, 1 or 2 and wherein:    -   R^(e) and R^(f) independently represent a hydrogen atom or a        linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group,    -   R^(g) is selected from the group consisting of a linear or        branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group, a C₆₋₅ aryl group, a saturated or        unsaturated C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, wherein the cyclic groups        independently are optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group        and a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group,    -   R^(h) is selected from a hydrogen atom, —NR^(e)R^(f) and a C₅₋₆        aryl group which is optionally substituted with one or more        substituents selected from a C₁₋₄ alkyl group and a C₁₋₄ alkoxy        group,    -   R^(i) is selected from the group consisting of a C₅₋₆ aryl        group, C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group and a 3- to 8-membered saturated or        unsaturated heterocyclyl group, which groups independently are        optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected        from a halogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group and a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group.

Preferably, Ar represents a group of formula:

wherein

-   -   G^(a) and G^(b) independently are selected from a nitrogen atom        and a carbon atom,    -   r has a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3 and    -   R is selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an        amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an oxo group, a        carboxy group, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group, —CF₃,        —OCF₃, —(CH₂)_(p)—OH, —NH(CO)H, —NH—SO₂—R⁹, —SO₂NH₂, —OC(O)H,        —O(CO)-(4-methyl)phenyl, —O(CO)—N(CH₃)₂, —OC(O)NH₂ and        —NH(CH₂)₍₁₋₂₎—R^(i), group, wherein p is as defined above and        R^(g) and R^(i) independently are selected from a phenyl group        optionally substituted with a substituent selected from a methyl        group or a methoxy group.    -   R^(j) represents a halogen atom,    -   T is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂— and —NH—,    -   Both X and Y represent a hydrogen atom or X together with Y form        the group —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH═CH—, —CH₂—O— or —S—, wherein in the        case of —CH₂—O— the methylene group is bound to the carbonyl        group holding X and the oxygen atom is bound to the carbon atom        in the phenyl ring holding Y.

Preferably, Ar represents a compound of formula (a) or (b) wherein:

-   -   Both G^(a) and G^(b) represent a carbon atom,    -   R is selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an        amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, —(CH₂)_(p)—OH,        —NH(CO)H, —NH—SO₂—CH₃, —SO₂NH₂, —OC(O)H,        —O(CO)-(4-methyl)phenyl, —O(CO)—N(CH₃)₂, —OC(O)NH₂ and —CF₃        group, wherein p has a value of 0, 1 or 2,    -   T represents —NH— group,    -   Both X and Y represent a hydrogen atom or X together with Y form        the group —CH═CH—, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—O— or —S—, wherein in the        case of —CH₂—O— the methylene group is bound to the carbon atom        in the amido substituent holding X and the oxygen atom is bound        to the carbon atom in the phenyl ring holding Y.

In a still preferred embodiment Ar is selected from the group consistingof 3-bromoisoxazol-5-yl, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl,4-hydroxy-3-(methylsulfonamido)phenyl,3,4-bis(4-methylbenzoyloxy)phenyl, 3,5-bis(dimethylcarbamoyloxy)phenyl,(5-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl)pyrid-2-yl, (4-amino-3,5-dichloro)phenyl,4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl,4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl,[4-amino-3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)]phenyl,(3-formamido-4-hydroxy)phenyl, 8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl,8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl,5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-8-yl,4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazol-7-yl. Preferably Ar isselected from the group consisting of 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl,(3-formamido-4-hydroxy)phenyl, 8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl,8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl and5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-8-yl.

In another embodiment Ar represents a compound of formula (b) wherein Xand Y are as defined above and T represents a —NH— group.

Still in another embodiment of the present invention, compounds of thepresent invention have the following formula (IC):

Wherein:

-   -   R³ represents a group of formula:

wherein:

-   -   R⁴ represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a hydroxymethyl        group or a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group,    -   R⁵ and R⁶ independently represent C₅₋₆ aryl group, a 5- to        6-membered heteroaryl group containing at least one heteroatom        selected from N, S, and O; (C₁₋₄ alkyl)-(C₅₋₆ aryl) group, a        C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group,    -   Q represents a direct bond or a —CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—, —O—, —O—CH₂—,        —S—, —S—CH₂—, or —CH═CH—,    -   * represents the point of attachment of R₃ to the remainder of        the molecule of formula (I),    -   Both X and Y represent a hydrogen atom or X together with Y form        the group —CH═CH—, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—O— or —S—, wherein in the        case of —CH₂—O— the methylene group is bound to the carbon atom        in the amido substituent holding X and the oxygen atom is bound        to the carbon atom in the phenyl ring holding Y,    -   n has a value of 0, 1 or 2,    -   m has a value of 2, 3 or 4,    -   R⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ independently represent a hydrogen atom or a        linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group,    -   -G-L₁- represents a group of formula (IG):

wherein

-   -   V, W and Z are independently selected from a —N—, —C—, —S—, —O—        and —C(O)—    -   Lx represents a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl group having at least        one heteroatom selected from N, S and O, or Lx represents a        —O—CH₂—CO—NR^(d), wherein R^(d) represents a hydrogen atom or a        methyl group.    -   * represents the point of attachment with the moiety containing        the cyclohexyl group and    -    represents the point of attachment with the moiety containing        the aminoethylphenol moiety,

In a still preferred embodiment, Lx represents a 5 to 6 memberedheteroaryl group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, S andO, preferably Lx is selected from a pyridyl, a pyrazinyl, a furyl, anoxadiazolyl, a imidazolyl, a thiazolyl and a thienyl group, morepreferably, Lx represents a pyridyl, an oxadiazolyl, a imidazolyl or athiazolyl group, being most preferably an oxadiazolyl group.

In a preferred embodiment, compounds of the present invention have thefollowing formula (IDa):

wherein V, W, X, Y, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, n and m are as defined above.

In a still preferred embodiment, compounds of the present invention havethe following formula (ID):

Wherein:

-   -   V, W, X, Y, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, n and m are as defined above,    -   R³ represents a group of formula:

wherein:

-   -   R⁴ represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a hydroxymethyl        group or a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group,    -   R⁵ and R⁶ independently represents a thienyl group, a phenyl        group, a benzyl group or a C₄₋₆ cycloalkyl group,    -   Q represents a direct bond or an oxygen atom,    -   * represents the point of attachment of R₃ to the remainder of        the molecule of formula (I),

Typically, X together with Y form the group —CH═CH— or —CH₂—O—.Preferably, X together with Y form the group —CH═CH—.

Typically W represents a nitrogen atom or a carbonyl group, preferably Wrepresents a nitrogen atom.

Typically, V represents a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulphuratom, preferably V is a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.

In a preferred embodiment V represents a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atomwhile W represents a carbonyl group.

In another preferred embodiment both V and W represent a nitrogen atom.

Typically, n has a value 0.

Typically, m has a value of 3.

Typically R¹⁰ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably amethyl group.

Typically, R⁸ and R⁹ independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methylgroup, preferably both R⁸ and R⁹ represent a hydrogen atom.

Typically, R₃ represents a group of formula ii), wherein Q is an oxygenatom and R⁴ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group and amethyl group. Preferably R⁴ represents a hydroxy group or a methylgroup, more preferably a methyl group.

Typically, R₃ represents a group of formula i) wherein:

-   -   R⁴ represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a hydroxy        group, preferably R⁴ represents a hydroxy group,    -   R⁵ and R⁶ independently represent a thienyl group, a cyclopentyl        group or a benzyl group, preferably both R⁵ and R⁶ are thienyl        groups.

In one embodiment of the present invention, in compounds of formula (IC)

-   -   -G-L₁- represents a group of formula:

-   -   Wherein        -   V is selected from —N—, —C—, —S— and —O—,        -   W is selected from —N—, —C—, and —C(O)—,        -   Lx represents an oxadiazolyl group or —O—CH₂—CO—NR^(d)—,            wherein R^(d) represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.        -   * represents the point of attachment with the moiety            containing the cyclohexyl group and        -    represents the point of attachment with the moiety            containing the aminoethylphenol fragment,    -   R⁸ and R⁹ independently are selected from a hydrogen atom and a        methyl group,    -   R¹⁰ represents a methyl group,    -   n has a value of 0 or 1,    -   m has a value of 2, 3 or 4,    -   Both X and Y represents a hydrogen atom or X together with Y        form —CH═CH—, —CH₂—O—, or —S— group,    -   R₃ represents a group of formula:

wherein:

-   -   R⁴ represents a methyl group or a hydroxy group,    -   R⁵ and R⁶ independently represents a thienyl group, a phenyl        group, benzyl group or a cyclopentyl group,    -   Q represents a direct bond or an oxygen atom,    -   * represents the point of attachment of R³ to the remainder of        the molecule of formula (I).

Preferably,

-   -   -G-L₁- represents a group of formula:

-   -   Wherein        -   W represents a nitrogen atom or a carbonyl group,        -   V represents a nitrogen or an oxygen atom,    -   Both R⁸ and R⁹ represents a hydrogen atom,    -   X together with Y form —CH═CH—,    -   R₃ represents a group of formula i) wherein R⁴ represents a        hydroxy group and both R⁵ and R⁶ represent a thienyl group.

Particular individual compounds of the invention include:

-   Trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]-cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate, dihydrofluoride,-   trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate    dihydrofluoride,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy    (di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)    ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-di    hydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[(3-{5-[({(2R)-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl}amino)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)    amino]cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[6-(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-methylene-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{2-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-di    hydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{4-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-di    hydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]butyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-di    hydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylcyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-di    hydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl-9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[(2-{5-[({(2R)-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl}amino)methyl]-1H-indol-1-yl}ethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    9H-fluorene-9-carboxylate,-   Trans-4-[(3-{5-[({(2R)-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl}amino)methyl]-1H-indol-1-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2-(2-thienyl)propanoate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    2,2-diphenylpropanoate,-   Trans-4-[{2-[5-(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)    ethyl]amino}-2-methylpropyl)-1H-indazol-1-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    2-phenyl-2-(2-thienyl)propanoate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[6-(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-methylene-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[(3-{3-[4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{2-[{[4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[[2-({[4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[(3-{3-[2-chloro-4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-5-methoxyphenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate and    Trans-4-[{2-[{[2-chloro-4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)    amino]cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   trans-4-[{3-[1-(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride,-   trans-4-[(3-{5-[({(2R)-2-[3-(acetylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl}amino)    methyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride,-   trans-4-[{3-[6-[({(2R)-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl}amino)    methyl]-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazo-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate dihydrofluoride-   trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    (2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate dihydrofluoride,-   trans-4-{[2-({2-[4-(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}propyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl]amino}cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride, and-   trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl-   (2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or N-oxides or solvates ordeuterated derivative thereof:

Of particular interest are the compounds:

-   Trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]-cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate, dihydrofluoride,-   trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate    dihydrofluoride,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy    (di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride,-   Trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[(3-{5-[({(2R)-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl}amino)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)    amino]cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{2-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylcyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate,-   Trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl-9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate,-   Trans-4-[{2-[{[4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[[2-({[4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,-   Trans-4-[(3-{3-[2-chloro-4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-5-methoxyphenyl]-1,    2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl    hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate, and-   Trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]-cyclohexyl    (2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate dihydrofluoride    or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or N-oxides or solvates or    deuterated derivative thereof:

The invention is also directed to a compound of the invention asdescribed herein for use in the treatment of the human or animal body bytherapy.

According to another embodiment the present invention coverspharmaceutical compositions comprising at least a compound of theinvention, as hereinabove described, in admixture with pharmaceuticallyacceptable diluents or carriers.

In an embodiment of the present invention the pharmaceutical compositionfurther comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or moreother therapeutic agents, in particular one or more drugs selected fromthe group consisting of corticosteroids, and PDE4 inhibitors.

It is also an embodiment of the present invention that thepharmaceutical composition is formulated for administration byinhalation.

The compounds of the present invention as hereinabove defined may alsobe combined with one or more other therapeutic agents, in particular oneor more drugs selected from the group consisting of corticosteroids andPDE4 inhibitors, for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in thetreatment of the human or animal body.

The invention is also directed to compounds of the present invention foruse in the treatment of a pathological condition or disease associatedwith both β2 adrenergic receptor and muscarinic receptor activities suchas a pulmonary disease. In particular the pulmonary disease is asthma orchronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The pathological condition or disease can also be applied within thescope of the present invention to the treatment of a disease orcondition selected from the group consisting of pre-term labor,glaucoma, neurological disorders, cardiac disorders, and inflammation,urological disorders such as urinary incontinence and gastrointestinaldisorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colitis.

The invention is also directed to the use of compounds of the presentinvention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment ofpathological condition or disease associated with one or both β2adrenergic receptor and muscarinic receptor activities such as apulmonary disease, in particular asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease, pre-term labor, glaucoma, neurological disorders, cardiacdisorders, inflammation, urological disorders and gastrointestinaldisorders, preferably, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The invention is also directed to a method of treating these diseases,which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of apharmaceutical composition comprising a dual β2 adrenergic receptoragonists and muscarinic receptor antagonists according to the presentinvention. The method further comprises administering a therapeuticallyeffective amount of one or more other therapeutic agent selected fromthe group consisting of a corticosteroid and a PDE4 inhibitor.

The invention is also directed to a method of modulating the activity ofa β2 adrenergic and/or a M3 receptor, the method comprising stimulatinga β2 adrenergic receptor and/or blocking a M3 receptor with a modulatoryamount of compounds of the present invention.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amountsufficient to effect treatment when administered to a patient in need oftreatment.

The term “treatment” as used herein refers to the treatment of a diseaseor medical condition in a human patient which includes:

-   -   (a) preventing the disease or medical condition from occurring,        i.e., prophylactic treatment of a patient;    -   (b) ameliorating the disease or medical condition, i.e., causing        regression of the disease or medical condition in a patient;    -   (c) suppressing the disease or medical condition, i.e., slowing        the development of the disease or medical condition in a        patient; or    -   (d) alleviating the symptoms of the disease or medical condition        in a patient.

The phrase “disease or condition associated with β2 adrenergic receptorand muscarinic activities” includes all disease states and/or conditionsthat are acknowledged now, or that are found in the future, to beassociated with both β2 adrenergic receptor and muscarinic receptoractivity. Such disease states include, but are not limited to, pulmonarydiseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(including chronic bronchitis and emphysema), as well as neurologicaldisorders and cardiac disorders. β2 adrenergic receptor activity is alsoknown to be associated with pre-term labor (see International PatentApplication Publication Number WO 98/09632), glaucoma and some types ofinflammation (see International Patent Application Publication Number WO99/30703 and Patent Application Publication Number EP 1 078 629).

On the other hand M3 receptor activity is associated withgastrointestinal-tract disorders such as Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)(see, for ex., U.S. Pat. No. 5,397,800), GI ulcers, spastic colitis(see, for ex., U.S. Pat. No. 4,556,653); urinary-tract disorders such asurinary incontinence (see, for ex., J.Med.Chem., 2005, 48, 6597-6606),pollakiuria; motion sickness and vagally induced sinus bradycardia.

General Synthetic Procedures

The compounds of the invention can be prepared using the methods andprocedures described herein, or using similar methods and procedures. Itwill be appreciated that where typical or preferred process conditions(i.e., reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents,pressures, etc.) are given; other process conditions can also be usedunless otherwise stated. Optimum reaction conditions may vary with theparticular reactants or solvent used, but such conditions can bedetermined by one skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures.

Additionally, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art,conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certainfunctional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. The choice of asuitable protecting group for a particular functional group, as well assuitable conditions for protection and deprotection, are well known inthe art. For example, numerous protecting groups, and their introductionand removal are described in T. W. Greene and G. M. Wuts, ProtectingGroups in Organic Synthesis, Third Edition, Wiley, New York, 1999, andreferences cited therein.

The term “amino-protecting group” refers to a protecting group suitablefor preventing undesired reactions at amino nitrogen. Representativeamino-protecting groups include, but are not limited to, formyl; acylgroups, for example alkanoyl groups such as acetyl; alkoxycarbonylgroups such as tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc); arylmethoxycarbonyl groupssuch as benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc);arylmethyl groups such as benzyl (Bn), trityl (Tr), and1,1-di-(4′-methoxyphenyl)methyl; silyl groups such as trimethylsilyl(TMS) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS); and the like.

The term “hydroxy-protecting group” refers to a protecting groupsuitable for preventing undesired reactions at a hydroxy group.Representative hydroxy-protecting groups include, but are not limitedto, alkyl groups, such as methyl, ethyl, and tert-butyl; acyl groups,for example alkanoyl groups, such as acetyl; arylmethyl groups, such asbenzyl (Bn), p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), 9-fluorenylmethyl (Fm), anddiphenylmethyl (benzhydryl, DPM); silyl groups, such as trimethylsilyl(TMS) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS); and the like.

Processes for preparing compounds of the invention are provided asfurther embodiments of the invention and are illustrated by theprocedures below.

One of the most convenient synthetic route for the preparation ofcompounds of formula (ID) is depicted in Scheme 1.

Compounds of formula (ID) may be prepared by reacting Intermediates offormula (II), wherein X₁ represents a leaving group such as a halogenatom or an active ester as mesylate or tosylate, with intermediates offormula (III), wherein P₁ and P₃ independently represent a hydrogen atomor an oxygen-protecting group such as a silyl or benzyl ether and P₂represents a hydrogen atom or a nitrogen-protecting group such as forexample a benzyl group. This reaction is best carried out in an aproticpolar solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone ordimethtylsulfoxide (DMSO) in a range of temperatures between roomtemperature and 200° C., in the presence of an acid scavenger such assodium hydrogen carbonate or a tertiary amine.

Alternatively, compounds of formula (ID) may be prepared by reactingintermediates of formula (V) with intermediates of formula (VI) whereinX₁, P₁ and P₃ have the same meaning as disclosed above, following thesame synthetic procedure disclosed above; and subsequently removingwhichever protecting group present in the intermediate to provide acompound of formula (ID). Such deprotection processes involve, forexample, a desilylation process, by using triethylaminetrihydrofluoride, TBAF, hydrogen chloride or other acidic reagents in aninert solvent like THF in a range of temperatures between 0° C. and 50°C. The deprotection could also be carried out by a debenzylationprocess, for example, by hydrogenating the compound in the presence of acatalyst such as palladium on charcoal in an inert solvent like ethanolor THF or a mixture of solvents. This reaction is typically carried outat a hydrogen pressure between 10 and 60 psi and in a range oftemperatures between room temperature and 50° C.

In another alternative way, compounds of formula (ID) with R⁹=H may alsobe prepared by reacting intermediates of formula (IV) with intermediatesof formula (III). This reaction is best carried out in a solvent ormixture of solvents like THF, methanol, dichloromethane or DMSO at atemperature between 0° C. and 60° C. using a hydride like sodiumborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride as reducing agent.

Intermediates of formula (II) may be prepared from commerciallyavailable starting materials and reagents using well known procedures,as depicted in Scheme 2.

Intermediates of formula (II) may be prepared from alcohol derivativesof formula (VII) via acylation with sulphonyl halides in the presence ofan acid scavenger or by halogenation with a variety of halogenatingagents.

Intermediates of formula (VII) may be prepared by direct alkylation ofan amine of formula (VIII) with the corresponding alkylating fragment(IX) wherein X₃ represents a leaving group such as a halogen atom or anactive ester as mesylate or tosylate, in the presence of an acidscavenger such as a tertiary amine.

The amino-ester derivatives of formula (VIII) may be prepared bydeprotecting compounds of formula (X), wherein P₄ represents aprotecting group, for example, by removing tert-butoxycarbonyl group(BOC) in the presence of acidic media such as hydrogen chloride in THF.

Intermediates of formula (X) may be prepared by a transesterificationprocess starting from literature-known aminoalcohol derivatives offormula (XII) and methyl esters derivative of formula (XI), typically inthe presence of a base as sodium hydride and and by displacing theequilibrium by distillation of a solvent like toluene.

Intermediates of formula (III) are widely described in the literature(see, for example, US2004242622 example 6; WO2008149110 intermediate 65;US2007249674 example 3B), and may be prepared following the samesynthetic procedure described therein.

Intermediates of formula (IV) may be prepared from commerciallyavailable starting materials and reagents using well known procedures,as depicted in Scheme 3.

Intermediates of formula (IV) may be prepared either by oxidation ofintermediates of formula (XIII) with an oxidizing agent such asmanganese dioxide or Dess-Martin reagent or by direct alkylation of anintermediate of formula (VIII) with an alkylating agent of formula (XIV)in the presence of an acid scavenger.

Compounds (IV) wherein n=1 are also available by homolagation ofaldehydes (XVIII) through reaction with methoxymethyltriphenylphosphinein the presence of a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide andsubsequent acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate enolic ether or byoxidation of the vinyl derivatives (XX), prepared in turn by alkylationof (VIII) with intermediates (XIX). This oxidation can be accomplishedwith a variety of agents, such as osmium tetroxide in the presence ofN-methylmorpholine N-oxide.

Intermediates of formula (V) may be prepared from their N-protectedhomologues (XV) by a specific deprotecting process such as the treatmentof N—BOC derivative with acidic media like hydrogen chloride in THF, asdepicted in Scheme 4.

Intermediates of formula (XV) are in turn prepared from intermediates offormula (VIII) by procedures well known in the art, such as alkylationprocedures with intermediates of formula (XVI) in the presence of anacid scavenger such as a tertiary amine.

Intermediates (XVIII) are obtained from known compounds as depicted inScheme 5.

Compounds of formula (XXI) are transformed into the correspondingbenzoimidazolones (XXII) (wherein W represents a —CO— and V represents a—NH—) by treatment with carbonylimidazole or triphosgene, oralternatively are transformed into the corresponding benzotriazoles(XXII) (wherein both W and V are —N—) by treatment with sodium nitritein an acidic medium. Reduction of intermediate nitriles (XXII) with NiAlalloy in formic acid give raise to the intermediate aldehydes (XXIII),which in turn are transformed into the alkylating agents (XXIV) (Xrepresents halide or active ester) and finally reacted with intermediate(VIII) to give intermediates (XVIII). Intermediates (XXIV) wherein Wrepresents —CO— and V represent an oxygen atom, can also be obtained bydirect N-alkylation of intermediates (XXV) with an α,ω-dihaloalkane inthe presence of an acid scavenger.

When the linker of the compounds of the present invention is other thanthe benzoheterocyclic moiety, the same general synthetic scheme appliesfor the preparation of final compounds, as depicted in Scheme 6:

Synthetic scheme depicted in Scheme 6 is homologous to that depicted inScheme 1 and represents the most convenient routes for the synthesis ofcompounds (XXIX) starting from the same synthons (III) and (VI) shown inscheme 1 and involving very similar chemical synthetic steps asdescribed there. The definitions of the groups X₁, A₁, G, L₁, A₂ and R′are the same given above, whilst A₃ denotes a carbon chain with one lesscarbon atom than the chain A₁.

The preparation of the corresponding intermediates (XXVI) and (XXVII) isshown in the synthetic scheme represented in Scheme 7, being thesynthetic steps close analogous of that shown in Schemes 2 and 3. Thegroup A₃ in the general structure (XXVII) denotes a carbon chain withone carbon atom less than the A₁ group. P corresponds to anoxygen-protecting group.

In the particular case of the group L₁ being defined as —CONR^(d)— thespecific (XXXI) compounds (XXXVII) (being R_(d) as defined above) may beprepared by the route shown in Scheme 8:

According to this route the amine derivatives (VIII) react with aprotected amino aldehyde (XXXIII) in the presence of a reducing agent togive intermediates (XXXIV). This reaction is best carried out in asolvent or mixture of solvents such as THF or methanol at a temperaturebetween 0° C. and 60° C. using a hydride, such as, sodium borohydride orsodium triacetoxyborohydride as reducing agent. Intermediates (XXXIV)are deprotected according to the nature of the protecting group. In theparticular case of P being the tert-butyl carbamate (BOC) group, thisstep can be carried out in the presence of strong acids, such as,hydrochloric or trifluoroacetic acids. The resulting amino compound(XXXV) is then reacted with a carboxylic acid or ester (T=H, alkyl)(XXXVI) to give the amide (XXXVII). This reaction is best carried out inthe presence of coupling agents such as HBTU in the case of acids (T=H)or directly by heating the mixture in a solvent like ethanol in the caseof esters (T=alkyl).

EXAMPLES

General.

Reagents, starting materials, and solvents were purchased fromcommercial suppliers and used as received. Concentration refers toevaporation under vacuum using a Bũchi rotatory evaporator. Reactionproducts were purified, when necessary, by flash chromatography onsilica gel (40-63 μm) with the solvent system indicated or usingpreparative HPLC conditions (see bellow description of two systemsused). Spectroscopic data were recorded on a Varian Gemini 300spectrometer. HPLC-MS were performed on a Gilson instrument equippedwith a Gilson piston pump 321, a Gilson 864 vacuum degasser, a Gilsonliquid handler 215, a Gilson 189 injection module, a Gilson Valvemate7000, a 1/1000 splitter, a Gilson 307 make-up pump, a Gilson 170 diodearray detector, and a Thermoquest Finnigan aQa detector.

HPLC System 1:

C-18 reversed phase column silica from MERCK, water/acetonitrile aseluents [0.1% v/v ammonium formate buffered] using a gradient from 0% to100%.

HPLC System 2:

C-18 reversed phase column silica from MERCK, water/acetonitrile(without buffer) as eluents using a gradient from 0% to 100%.

Intermediate 1 tert-butyl (trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate

To a solution of (1R,4R)-4-aminocyclohexanol (15 g, 0.13 mol) inacetonitrile (240 mL) was added in portions di-tert-butyl dicarbonate(31.2 g, 0.14 mol). The mixture was stirred overnight at roomtemperature. The precipitate obtained was washed with hexane/ethylacetate (3:1) and hexane giving the title compound as a white solid(83%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.17 (br. s., 2H) 1.44 (br. s., 9H)1.32-1.40 (m, 2H) 1.99 (br. s., 4H) 3.44 (br. s., 1H) 3.61 (br. s., 1H)4.38 (br. s., 1H)

Intermediate 2 trans-4-(Methylamino)cyclohexanol

To a mixture of lithium aluminium hydride (9 g, 0.23 mol) intetrahydrofuran (425 mL) was added slowly tert-butyl(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)carbamate (intermediate 1, 10 g, 0.046 mol).The mixture was refluxed overnight. Once the mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, 9 ml of water, 9 ml of 4N NaOH solution and 18 ml of waterwere carefully and successively dropped. The organic solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the crude obtained was dissolved withchloroform and dried over magnesium sulphate. The filtrate wasevaporated to dryness and co evaporated with hexane to give the titlecompound as a white solid (89%). This intermediate is also described inJMC, 1987, 30(2), p313.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.04-1.20 (m, 2H) 1.25-1.40 (m, 2H)1.97 (br. s., 4H) 2.27-2.40 (m, 1H) 3.57-3.70 (m, 1H)

Intermediate 3 tert-butyl (trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)methylcarbamate

To a solution of trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexanol (intermediate 2, 5.3g, 0.04 mol) in acetonitrile (92 mL) was added in portions di-tert-butyldicarbonate (9.9 g, 0.04 mol). The mixture was stirred overnight at roomtemperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and thecrude was purified by column chromatography with silica gel, elutingwith a mixture of chloroform/methanol (from 75:1 to 4:1)) to give thetitle compound as a colourless oil (87%).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ □□ ppm 1.34-1.43 (m, 2H) 1.46 (s, 9H)1.49-1.57 (m, 2H) 1.70 (d, J=9.89 Hz, 2H) 2.03 (br. s., 3H) 2.71 (br.s., 3H) 3.57 (br. s., 1H)

Intermediate 4 trans-4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)-acetate

To a solution of methyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (5.8 g, 0.02 mol)(prepared according to Acta Chemica Scandinavica 24 (1970) 1590-1596) inanhydrous toluene (95 mL) was first added a solution of tert-butyl(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-methylcarbamate (intermediate 3; 6 g, 0.02mol) in anhydrous toluene (95 mL) and secondly sodium hydride (60%, 0.45g, 0.01 mol). After few minutes the mixture was warmed to 155° C. andthe solvent was distilled and simultaneously replaced. This procedurewas carried on during 1 hour and a half. The mixture was cooled to roomtemperature and diluted with ether (300 mL). The organic layer waswashed with sodium bicarbonate 4% (2×200 mL) and brine, dried, filteredand evaporated over reduced pressure giving the title compound as ayellow solid (69%), which was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LRMS (m/z): 452 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 5 trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution of trans-4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (intermediate 4; 8.1 g, 0.01 mol) indioxane (13.5 mL) was added hydrogen chloride 4M in dioxane (27 mL). Themixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The precipitateobtained was filtrated and washed with ether. The crude was dissolved inwater and potassium carbonate was added until pH=8-9. The product wasextracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was washed withbrine, dried and evaporated to dryness giving the title compound as awhite solid (78%).

LRMS (m/z): 352 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 1.14-1.30 (m, 2H) 1.42-1.57 (m, 2H)1.88-2.11 (m, 4H) 2.36-2.48 (m, 1H) 3.71 (s, 3H) 4.82-4.95 (m, 1H)6.94-7.00 (m, 2H) 7.14-7.19 (m, 2H) 7.25-7.30 (m, 2H)

Intermediate 6 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbonitrile

A mixture of 6-bromo-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (2 g; 9.34 mmol) andcopper (I) cyanide (1.42 g; 15.86 mmol) in 6 ml DMF is heated at 150° C.under nitrogen atmosphere for 22 hr. After cooling to room temperature,a solution of 1.55 g (31.6 mmol) of sodium cyanide in 32 ml water isadded followed by 1 hr stirring. The system is extracted thoroughly withethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo toprovide 1.5 g (93% yield) of the title compound enough pure as toprosecute the syntesis.

Intermediate 7 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde

A mixture of 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbonitrile(Intermediate 6, 220 mg; 1.37 mmol) and aluminium/nickel 1:1 alloy(223.6 mg; 2.61 mmol) in 2.25 ml of formic acid and 0.75 ml of water isstirred at 90° C. for 24 hr. The solid is filtered and washed withethanol. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo and dried overnight at45° C. in a vacuum dessicator. The solid obtained (219 mg; 97% yield) ispure enough as to prosecute with the synthesis.

Intermediate 83-(3-bromopropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde

A mixture of 290 mg (1.64 mmol) of2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde (Intermediate 7), 272.8mg (1.96 mmol) of 3-bromo-propan-1-ol, 514 mg (1.96 mmol) oftriphenylphospine and 0.855 ml (1.96 mmol) of 40% toluene solution ofDEAD in 7 ml THF is stirred overnight. After concentration in vacuo theresidue is chromatographically purified over silicagel eluting withhexane/ethyl ether (100/0 to 0/100), obtaining 423 mg of the titleproduct (58% purity; 52% total yield) that is used per se in the nextsynthetic step.

Intermediate 9trans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

A solution of 418 mg (0.85 mmol) of 58% pure3-(3-bromopropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde(Intermediate 8), 250 mg (0.71 mmol) of trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5) and 0.14 ml (1.01 mmol) oftriethylamine in 8 ml acetonitrile and 6 ml THF is heated to 90° C.under argon atmosphere for 44 hr. After concentration in vacuo theresidue is chromatographically purified over silicagel eluting withdichloromethane/EtOH (from 100/0 to 80/20), obtaining 376 mg of thetitle product (51% purity; 48% total yield) that is used per se in thenext synthetic step.

Intermediate 10trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

A mixture of 370 mg (0.34 mmol) of 51% puretrans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate(Intermediate 9), 167 mg (0.42 mmol) of 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931), 0.075ml (0.43 mmol) of diisopropilethylamine and 379 mg (1.79 mmol) of sodiumtriacetoxyborohydride in 2 ml MeOH and 1 ml THF is stirred under argonatmosphere for 24 hr at room temperature. After adding 20 ml of 4%aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate the system is extractedthrice with ethyl acetate and the organic solution washed thoroughlywith 4% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. After drying andconcentrating, the residue is chromatographically purified oversilicagel eluting with chloroform/EtOH (100/0 to 0/100). 133 mg of 88%pure title compound are obtained (39% yield).

Example 1trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate, dihydrofluoride

115 mg (0.12 mmol) of 88% puretrans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 10) are dissolved in 3 mlTHF. 0.075 ml (0.46 mmol) of triethylamine trihydrofluoride are addedand the system stirred overnight at room temperature. The supernatant isdiscarded and the residue is washed (ultrasound bath) with 5 additionalml of THF and the supernatant is again discarded. Acetonitrile (5 ml) isadded to the residue and after some stirring the solid is filtered andwashed with acetonitrile and ethyl ether. 87 mg (94% yield) of puretitle compound are obtained.

LRMS (m/z): 759 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm: 1.34 (m. 4H); 1.61-1.72 (b.s. 2H); 1.80(t. 2H); 1.85-1.96 (b.s. 2H); 2.11 (s. 3H); 2.32-2.51 (b.s. 3H);2.66-2.76 (b.s. 2H); 3.77-3.90 (c.s. 5H); 4.62-4.74 (b.s. 1H); 5.09-5.17(b.s. 1H); 6.47 (d. J=12 Hz 1H); 6.89-7.01 (c.s. 3H); 7.04-7.09 (c.s.3H); 7.19-7.29 (c.s. 4H); 7.36 (s. 1H); 7.44-7.49 (m. 2H); 8.13 (d. J=12Hz 2H); 10.21-10.54 (b.s. 1H).

Intermediate 11 4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3-nitrobenzonitrile

A mixture of 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzonitrile (1.0 g; 6.02 mmol), 0.502 ml(6.62 mmol) of 3-amino-propan-1-ol and 1.15 ml (6.62 mmol) ofdiisopropylethylamine in 5 ml THF is stirred at rt for 1 hr (temperatureraises somewhat at the beginning). After concentration in vacuo theresidue is dissolved in 50 ml of ethyl acetate, washed with 50 ml of 4%aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate and brine, dried and concentrated.1.32 g of pure title compound as a solid are thus obtained (99% yield).

Intermediate 12 3-amino-4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]benzonitrile

A mixture of 1.12 g (5.06 mmol) of4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3-nitrobenzonitrile (Intermediate 11) and26.94 mg of 10% Pd on charcoal in 39 ml of EtOH is shaken in an hydrogenatmosphere (14 psi) for 20 hr at rt. After filtration and evaporation1.012 g of the pure title compound are obtained.

Intermediate 13 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile

100 mg (0.52 mmol) of 3-amino-4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]benzonitrile(Intermediate 12) are dissolved in 2.5 ml of 2N aqueous HCl and 1.5 mlof toluene are added. 150 mg (0.51 mmol) of triphosgene are added andthe system is stirred at rt for 18 hr. After adding 75 additional mg oftriphosgene and prosecuting the stirring for 1 hour 5 ml of brine and 25ml of ethyl acetate are added and the system is stirred for 10 minutes.The organic layer is isolated and the aqueous one is extracted with 4×10ml of ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are washed with brine,dried and concentrated to give 106 mg (93% yield) of 100 pure (UPLC)title compound.

Intermediate 141-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde

A mixture of 930 mg (4.28 mmol) of1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile(Intermediate 13) and 949 mg of Ni—Al alloy 1:1 in 7.3 ml of 75% formicacid in water is stirred at 90° C. for 6.5 hr. After filtration, theresidue is again dissolved in 7.3 ml of 75% formic acid, 949 mg of Ni—Alalloy are added and the system is stirred at 90° C. for 1 hr. Afterfiltration, 5 ml of 2N NaOH and 5 ml of EtOH are added and the system isstirred at rt overnight. The pH is made 6-7 by addition of 2N HCl andthe solution is concentrated. The residue is chromatographicallypurified over silicagel eluting with hexane/EtOH (100/0 to 0/100). 0.91g of pure title compound are obtained (96% yield).

Intermediate 151-(3-bromopropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde

1185 mg (5.38 mmol) of1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde(Intermediate 14) are suspended in 56 ml of dichloromethane. 2285 mg(6.89 mmol) of carbon tetrabromide and then 6890 mg of polymer-supportedtriphenyl phosphine (1 mmol/g; 6.89 mmol) are added. The mixture isshaken at rt for 24 hr. The polymer is filtered and sequentially washedwith dichloromethane, EtOH and MeOH. The filtrates are concentrated andthe residue (2.2 g) is chromatographically purified over silicageleluting with chloroform/EtOH (100/0 to 90/10). 0.3 g of pure titlecompound are obtained (20% yield).

Intermediate 16trans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

A mixture of 179 mg (0.56 mmol) of1-(3-bromopropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbaldehyde(Intermediate 15), 163 mg (0.46 mmol) of trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5) and 0.09 ml (0.65 mmol) oftriethylamine in 6 ml acetonitrile and 4 ml THF is stirred at 90° C.overnight. After concentration the residue (325 mg) ischromatographically purified over silicagel eluting with hexane to ethylether/EtOH 90/10 and again with C-18 reversed phase column silica fromMERCK, using water to acetonitrile/MeOH as eluents with a gradient from0% to 100%. 94 mg of pure title compound are thus obtained (36% yield).

Intermediate 17trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

85 mg (0.15 mmol) oftrans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 16) and 80mg (0.20 mmol) of 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931) aredissolved in 2 ml MeOH and 1 ml THF. After adding 0.04 ml (0.23 mmol) ofdiisopropylethylamine and 100 mg (0.47 mmol) of sodiumtriacetoxyborohydride the mixture is stirred overnight under argonatmosphere at rt.

After adding 100 mg more of sodium triacetoxyborohydride the stirring isprosecuted for 48 hr. After concentrating in vacuo the residue ispartitioned in ethyl acetate/4% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonatesolution. A yellowish solid is filtered, dissolved in chloroform andwashed with 4% NaHCO3. The combined organic phases are dried andconcentrated. The residue is chromatographically purified over silicageleluting with chloroform/EtOH/Et3N (100/0/0.1 to 0/100/0.1). 96 mg of 71%pure title compound are obtained (51% yield) and used per se in the nextsynthetic step.

Example 2trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

95 mg (0.12 mmol) of 71% puretrans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 17) are dissolved in 2 mlTHF. 0.05 ml (0.31 mmol) of triethylamine trihydrofluoride are added andthe system stirred overnight at room temperature. The supernatant isdiscarded and the residue is washed with 2×10 additional ml of THF andthe supernatant is again discarded. Acetonitrile (5 ml) is added to theresidue and the solid is stirred for 2 hr, aged overnight, filtered andwashed with acetonitrile. The residue is chromatographically purifiedwith C-18 reversed phase column silica from MERCK, using water toacetonitrile/MeOH as eluents with a gradient from 0% to 100%. 31.8 mg ofpure title compound are thus obtained (51% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 758 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm: 1.35 (m. 6H); 1.61-1.77 (b.s. 5H);1.85-1.97 (b.s. 2H); 2.12 (s. 3H); 2.32-2.45 (b.s. 4H); 2.68-2.74 (b.s.2H); 3.72-3.86 (c.s. 3H); 4.62-4.73 (b.s. 1H); 5.06-5.14 (b.s. 1H); 6.47(d. J=12 Hz 1H); 6.90 (d. J=6 Hz 1H); 6.95-7.09 (c.s. 8H); 7.23-7.30(b.s. 1H); 7.47 (d. J=6 Hz 1H); 8.06 (d. J=12 Hz 1H); 10.26-10.49 (b.s.1H); 10.80-10.88 (b.s. 1H).

Intermediate 181-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbonitrile

100 mg (0.52 mmol) of 3-amino-4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]benzonitrile(Intermediate 12) are suspended in 0.5 ml of 5N aqueous HCl. Aftercooling externally with an ice/water bath, a solution of 54.12 mg (0.78mmol) of sodium nitrite in 0.4 ml water is added dropwise with stirring.After 3.5 hr excess water is added and the solid is extracted withdichloromethane, washed with water, dried and concentrated to give 104mg of pure title compound (96% yield).

Intermediate 191-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbaldehyde

A mixture of 500 mg (2.47 mmol) of1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbonitrile (Intermediate18) and 550 mg of Ni—Al alloy 1:1 in 5.55 ml of 75% formic acid in wateris stirred at 90° C. for 2.5 hr. After filtration and evaporation 10 mlof 2N NaOH and 10 ml of EtOH are added to the residue and the system isstirred at rt for 1.5 hr. The pH is made 6-7 by addition of 2N HCl andthe system is extracted thoroughly with ethyl acetate. After washingwith water, drying and concentrating, 0.35 g of 80% pure title compound(55% yield).

Intermediate 20 1-(3-bromopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbaldehyde

200 mg (0.975 mmol) of1-(3-bromopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbaldehyde (Intermediate19) are dissolved in 10.5 ml of dichloromethane. 388 mg (1.17 mmol) ofcarbon tetrabromide are added and the solution cooled externally with anice/water bath. 307 mg (1.17 mmol) of triphenylphosphine are slowlyadded and the system is stirred for 20 min with external cooling and 2hr at rt. After addition of 0.5 more equivalents of both carbontetrabromide and triphenylphosphine and additional stirring for 10 minwith the external cooling and 1 hr at rt the solvents are eliminated invacuo and the residue is chromatographically purified over silicageleluting with hexane/ethyl ether (100/0 to 0/100). 195 mg of pure titlecompound are obtained (74% yield).

Intermediate 21trans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

A mixture of 152.56 mg (0.57 mmol) of1-(3-bromopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbaldehyde (Intermediate20), 200 mg (0.57 mmol) of trans-4-(methylamino) cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5) and 0.138 ml 0.80 mmol) ofdiisopropylethylamine in 25 ml acetonitrile was stirred under argon at75° C. for 17 hr and at 90° C. for 24 hr. After concentration in vacuo,the residue is chromatographically purified over silicagel eluting withchloroform/EtOH (100/0 to 90/10) to give 157 mg of pure title compound(51% yield).

Intermediate 22trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

132 mg (0.245 mmol) oftrans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 21) and 106.3 mg (0.269 mmol)of 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931) aredissolved in 1.6 ml MeOH and 0.8 ml THF. After adding 0.05 ml (0.29mmol) of diisopropylethylamine and 76.9 mg (0.36 mmol) of sodiumtriacetoxyborohydride the mixture is stirred overnight under argonatmosphere at rt. After successive addition of 230 additional mg (1.08mmol) of reducing agent, stirring for 3 hr and 76.9 mg (0.36 mmol) moreand stirring for 2 hr the solvents are eliminated in vacuo and theresidue (0.57 g) is stirred with chloroform, filtered and the soliddiscarded. The filtrate is concentrated and partitioned between 50 ml ofethyl acetate and 10 ml of 4% solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. Theorganic solution is washed again with NaHCO3 solution, dried andconcentrated to give 210 mg of 91% pure title compound (yield 91%) thatis used per se in the next synthetic step.

Example 3trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

205 mg (0.218 mmol) of 91% puretrans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl) acetate (Intermediate 22) are dissolved in 2 mlTHF. 0.145 ml (0.89 mmol) of triethylamine trihydrofluoride are addedand the system stirred overnight at room temperature. The supernatant isdiscarded and the residue is washed with 2×3 additional ml of THF andthe supernatant is again discarded. Acetonitrile (4 ml) is added to theresidue and the solid is stirred for 30 min, filtered and washed withmore acetonitrile. After drying overnight at 40° C. 164 mg of pure titlecompound are thus obtained (96% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 743 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm: 1.32 (m. 5H); 1.59-1.69 (b.s. 3H);1.84-1.94 (b.s. 2H); 2.01 (m. 2H); 2.11 (s. 3H); 2.26-2.40 (c.s. 4H);2.60-2.75 (c.s. 2H); 3.90 (s. 2H); 4.34-4.42 (b.s. 1H); 4.67 (m. 4H);5.04-5.11 (m. 1H); 5.28-5.46 (b.s. 1H); 6.40 (d. J=12 Hz 1H); 6.86-6.93(c.s. 1H); 6.94-7.00 (c.s. 2H); 7.03-7.10 (c.s. 4H); 7.19-7.34 (b.s.1H); 7.44-7.48 (m. 2H); 7.49-7.54 (m. 1H); 7.74-7.80 (m. 1H); 7.92 (s.1H); 8.10 (d. J=12 Hz 1H); 10.10-10.51 (b.s. 1H).

Intermediate 23 1-(3-bromopropyl)-1H-indole-5-carbaldehyde

0.70 g (30.31 mmol) of 60% sodium hydride suspension are added to 14 mlof anhydrous DMF and a solution of 2.40 g (16.53 mmol) of1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in 10 ml of DMF added dropwise. After 45 min ofstirring at room temperature the solution is cooled externally with anice/water bath and a solution of 2.52 ml (5.01 g; 24.80 mmol) of1,3-dibromopropane in 6 ml of DMF added dropwise. The solution isstirred at room temperature for 2 hr before adding 10 ml of water and 10ml of 2N HCl. The suspension is extracted thrice with ethyl ether,washed with water, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The residue ischromatographically purified (hexane to hexane/EtAcO 4:1) to give 1.4 gof the pure title compound (33% yield).

Intermediate 24trans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-indol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

A mixture of 1.27 g (4.78 mmol) of1-(3-bromopropyl)-1H-indole-5-carbaldehyde (intermediate 23), 1.40 g(3.98 mmol) of trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (intermediate 5) and 0.77 ml (0.56 g; 5.5mmol) of triethylamine in 6 ml MeCN and 6 ml THF is stirred at 90° C.overnight under argon. After concentrating in vacuo the residue ischromatographically purified eluting with Cl₃CH to Cl₃CH/MeOH 95:5 togive 1.6 g (75% yield) of pure title compound.

Intermediate 25trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

A mixture of 190 mg (0.35 mmol) oftrans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-indol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (intermediate 24), 174. 59 mg (0.44 mmol)of 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931), 0.077ml (0.44 mmol) of diisopropilethylamine and 243.8 mg (1.15 mmol) ofsodium triacetoxyborohydride in 2 ml of MeOH and 1 ml THF is stirredunder argon atmosphere for 2.5 hr at room temperature. After adding 25ml of 4% aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate the system isextracted thrice with ethyl acetate and the organic solution washedthoroughly with 4% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. After drying andconcentrating, the residue is chromatographically purified oversilicagel eluting with chloroform/EtOH (100/0 to 90/10). 177 mg of 94%pure title compound are obtained (55% yield).

Example 4trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

170 mg (0.20 mmol) of 91% puretrans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 22) are dissolved in 7 mlTHF. 0.08 ml (0.78 mmol) of triethylamine trihydrofluoride are added andthe system stirred overnight at room temperature. The supernatant isdiscarded and the residue is washed with 2×³ additional ml of THF andthe supernatant is again discarded. Acetonitrile (4 ml) is added to theresidue and the solid is stirred for 30 min, filtered and washed withmore acetonitrile. After drying overnight at rt 146 mg of 98% pure titlecompound are thus obtained (92% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 741 (M+1)+.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) □δ ppm: 1.35 (m. 5H); 1.60-1.73 (b.s. 3H);1.79-1.95 (m. 5H); 2.00-2.16 (c.s. 4H); 2.27-2.41 (b.s. 2H); 2.66-2.83(b.s. 3H); 3.53-3.65 (c.s. 1H); 4.00 (s. 2H); 4.15 (m. 2H); 4.66 (m.1H); 5.17 (m. 1H); 6.40 (b.s. 2H); 6.90 (m. 1H); 6.98 (m. 1H); 7.07(b.s. 3H); 7.14-7.49 (c.s. 6H); 7.55 (s. 1H); 8.02 (d. J=12 Hz 1H);9.10-10.70 (b.s. 1H).

Intermediate 26 4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]benzonitrile

To a solution of 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzonitrile (1 g, 7.51 mmol) in dryCH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) under argon was added PPTs (190 mg, 0.76 mmol) and3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (0.824 mL, 9.01 mmol). The reaction was stirred atroom temperature under argon for 4h. The reaction mixture was evaporatedand the residue treated with water (80 mL) and Et20 (150 mL). Theorganic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted withEt20 (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine anddried over sodium sulphate. Removal of the solvent under reducedpressure afforded 1.86 g of a colourless oil. The crude obtained waspurified by column chromatography with n-Hexane (A) and EtOAc (B) aseluents (0% to 25%). The appropriate fractions were collected and thesolvent removed afford the title compound (1.53 g, 91%) as colourlessoil.

LRMS (m/z): 218 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 27N-hydroxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]benzenecarboximidamide

To a suspension of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (365 mg, 5.25 mmol) inEtOH (3 mL) was added Et₃N (0.78 mL, 5.6 mmol) at room temperature underargon. A white precipitate formed. It was stirred at that temperaturefor 40 minutes. Then 4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]benzonitrile(Intermediate 26; 0.76 g, 3.5 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was added dropwise;the reaction mixture became clear. It was stirred at RT overnight. Thecrude obtained was purified by column chromatography with CH₂Cl₂ (A) andCH₂Cl₂/MeOH (95:5) (B) as eluents (0% to 80% B). The appropriatefractions were collected and the solvent removed to afford 1.25 g ofsticky oil with some solids. It was dissolved in EtOAc/H₂O (1:1, 150mL). The organic layer was washed again with H₂O (50 mL) and brine. Itwas dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated to afford thetitle compound (840 mg, 95%) as sticky oil.

LRMS (m/z): 251 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 285-(3-bromopropyl)-3-{4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazole

To a solution ofN-hydroxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]benzene-carboximidamide(Intermediate 27; 211 mg, 0.84 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added DIEA (0.176mL, 1.01 mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and a solution of4-bromobutanoyl chloride (0.108 mL, 0.88 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was addeddropwise. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude obtained waspurified by column chromatography with silica gel, eluting with amixture of Hexane: ether give the title compound as a solid (198 mg,53%).

LRMS (m/z): 382 (M+1)+

Intermediate 29trans-4-{methyl[3-(3-{4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propyl]amino}cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a solid (152 mg, 42%) from5-(3-bromopropyl)-3-{4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazole(Intermediate 28; 195 mg, 0.51 mmol), trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5; 209 mg, 0.51 mmol) andEt₃N (0.178 mL, 1.02 mmol) following the experimental procedure asdescribed for Intermediate 9 and the crude obtained was purified bycolumn chromatography with silica gel, eluting with a mixture ofChloroform: Ethanol.

LRMS (m/z): 652 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 30trans-4-[(3-{3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-{methyl[3-(3-{4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propyl]amino}cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 29; 147 mg, 0.21 mmol) in anhtetrahydrofurane (3.5 mL) was added hydrochloric acid (1M, 0.627 mL).The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. A solution ofsaturated bicarbonate was added into the mixture and then extracted withethyl acetate. The organics layers were combined, washed with brine,dried, filtered and the organic solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The crude obtained was purified by column chromatography withsilica gel, eluting with a mixture of Chloroform: Ethanol to give thetitle compound (89 mg, 75%) LRMS (m/z): 568 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 31trans-4-[{3-[3-(4-formylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-[(3-{3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 30; 78 mg, 0.14 mmol) inCHCl₃ (2 mL, amylene stabilized) was added portion wise manganese oxide(132 mg, 1.52 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 45° C. for 4h.The cooled reaction mixture was filtered through a syringe filtered,washed with more CHCl₃ (20 mL) and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure to afford the title compound (78 mg, 98%) as a light-brown oil.The compound was used in the next step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 566 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 32 trans-4-[(3-{3-[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a off-white solid (35 mg, 29%) fromtrans-4-[{3-[3-(4-formylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (74 mg, 0.13 mmol), 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931; 62 mg,0.16 mmol), DIEA (28 μL, 0.16 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (62mg, 0.28 mmol) following the procedure as described for Intermediate 10and the crude obtained was purified by C-18 reversed phase columnsilica, using water to acetonitrile/MeOH as eluents with a gradient from0% to 100%.

LRMS (m/z): 885 (M+1)⁺

Example 5trans-4-[(3-{3-[4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a white solid (28 mg, 85%) fromtrans-4-[(3-{3-[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-methyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (35 mg, 0.04 mmol) and triethylaminetrihydrofluoride (30 μL, 0.19 mmol) following the experimental procedureas described for Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 770 (M+1)⁺

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.13 (d, J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.2 Hz,2H), 7.49 (dd, J=17.2, 6.5 Hz, 3H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=8.3 Hz,3H), 7.02-6.85 (m, 3H), 6.47 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (bs, 1H), 4.67(bs, 1H), 3.88 (s, 2H), 2.98 (bs, 2H), 2.72 (bs, 2H), 2.44-2.30 (m, 2H),2.15 (s, 3H), 1.91 (bs, 4H), 1.69 (bs, 2H), 1.36 (bs, 4H).

Intermediate 33 Ethyl[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]acetate

A solution of 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (400 mg, 3.19 mmol) in CH₃CN (4mL) was placed in a sealed tube, then potassium carbonate (550 mg, 3.98mmol) and ethyl bromoacetate (0.365 mL, 3.23 mmol) were added and purgedwith argon. The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux (90° C.) for 20h.The cooled reaction mixture was filtered through sintered glass (pore no4) and the solvent removed to obtain light-yellow oil. The crude waspurified by column chromatography with nHexane and Et₂O as eluents (0%to 100% B in 20 column volumes and 100% for 10 CV, 18 mL/min). Theappropriate fractions were collected and the solvent removed to affordthe title compound (446 mg, 62%) as colourless solid.

LRMS (m/z): 211 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 34 tert-butyl methyl(2-oxoethyl)carbamate

To an ice-cooled solution of tert-butyl 2-hydroxyethyl(methyl)carbamate(300 mg, 1.71 mmol)) in dry CH₂Cl₂ (8.5 mL) under argon was addedportion wise Dess-Martin periodinane (762 mg, 1.8 mmol). Once finishedthe addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for3h. The mixture was poured into saturated solutions of NaHCO₃ (50 mL)and Na₂S₂O₃ (50 mL) and more CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL). It was well-stirred atroom temperature for 30 minutes. The organic phase was separated andwashed with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (1×20 mL). It was dried over magnesiumsulphate and concentrated to afford the title compound (370 mg, 98%) ascolourless oil together with a yellow solid, which was used in the nextstep without further purification.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, cdcl3) δ 9.61 (s, 1H), 3.98 (d, J=33.9 Hz, 2H), 2.94(t, J=10.8 Hz, 3H), 1.46 (dd, J=8.2, 6.3 Hz, 9H).

Intermediate 35trans-4-[{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution of tert-butyl methyl(2-oxoethyl)carbamate in DCE (3 mL)under argon was added trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5; 150 mg, 0.43 mmol) andNaBH(OAc)₃ (136 mg, 0.64 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature under argon for 3h. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the residue poured into sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (20 mL). It wasextracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL), the combined organic layers were driedover sodium sulphate and the solvent removed to afford 290 mg of brownoil. The sample was purified by column chromatography with CH₂Cl₂ andEtOH (95:5) as eluents (0% to 100%). The appropriate fractions werecollected and the solvent removed to afford the title compound (203 mg,92%) as brownish oil.

LRMS (m/z): 509 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 36 trans-4-{methyl[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-[{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]-cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (198 mg, 0.39 mmol) in THF (6.5 mL) underargon was added 1M aq. HCl (1.17 mL) and the mixture was stirred at RTfor 18h. More 1M HCl (0.8 mL, 2 eq.) was added and the reaction mixturewas stirred at 70° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was basifiedwith sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (20 mL). It was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL), thecombined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate and the solventremoved to afford brown oil. The crude material was injected into a C18silica column. The gradient used was H2O and acetonitrile/MeOH (1:1).The appropriate fractions were collected and all the solvents evaporatedunder reduced pressure to afford the title compound (90 mg, 54%) aslight-brown oil.

LRMS (m/z): 409 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 37trans-4-[{2-[{[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

trans-4-{methyl[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 36; 85 mg, 0.21 mmol) andethyl[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]acetate (Intermediate 33; 65 mg, 0.31mmol) were dissolved in EtOH (0.65 mL) and heated in a PLS at 75° C. for48h. More Intermediate 33 (15 mg, 0.3 eq) and MgSO₄ (50 mg) were addedand the reaction mixture was stirred at 75° C. for another 50 h. Thesample was purified by column with CHCl₃ and EtOH as eluents (0% to 100%B). The appropriate fractions were collected and the solvent removed toafford crude of 18 mg of blue oil. It was repurified with CH₂Cl₂ andCH₂Cl₂/MeOH (9:1) as eluents (0% to 100% B). The appropriate fractionswere collected and the solvent removed to give the title compound (10mg; 7.6%) as a sticky solid.

LRMS (m/z): 573 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 38trans-4-[{2-[[(4-formylphenoxy)acetyl](methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as an oil (27 mg, 66%) fromtrans-4-[{2-[{[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]-acetyl}-(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 37; 40 mg, 0.07 mmol) andmanganese oxide (61 mg, 0.7 mmol) following the experimental procedureas descried for Intermediate 31 and the crude obtained was used in thenext step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 571 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 39trans-4-[{2-[{[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a yellow foam (81 mg, 66%) fromtrans-4-[{2-[[(4-formylphenoxy)-acetyl](methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 38; 73 mg, 0.13 mmol), 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931; 56 mg,0.14 mmol), DIEA (29 μL, 0.17 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (81mg, 0.38 mmol) following the procedure as described for Intermediate 10and the crude obtained was purified over silica gel eluting withChloroform/Methanol (100/0 to 0/100).

LRMS (m/z): 890 (M+1)⁺

Example 6trans-4-[{2-[{[4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a white solid (90 mg, 72%) fromtrans-4-[{2-[{[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 39; 135 mg, 0.15 mmol) andtriethylamine trihydrofluoride (97 μL, 0.60 mmol) following theexperimental procedure as described for Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 775 (M+1)⁺

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.14 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=5.0 Hz,1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.14-7.05 (m, 3H), 7.05-6.99 (m, 2H), 6.95(d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 6.89 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.53 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 5.16(s, 1H), 4.83 (d, J=20.7 Hz, 2H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 3.82 (bs, 2H), 2.86 (bs,2H), 2.77 (s 3H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 2.23 (d, J=18.1 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (bs, 2H),1.74 (bs, 2H), 1.39 (bs, 2H), 1.08 (bs, 4H).

Intermediate 403-[1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propanoicacid

To a solution of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid (5 g, 0.026 mol) in DMF(20 mL) was added at 0° C. sodium hydride (2.11 g, 0.088 mol), themixture was stirred some minutes at 0° C. and(2-bromoethoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane (5.67 mL, 0.026 mol) wasadded. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature.The crude mixture was poured into a sodium sulphate saturate solutionand extracted with ethyl acetate. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the crude obtained was purified over silica gel elutingwith hexane:ether (100/0 to 0/100) to obtain the title compound (4 g,43%).

LRMS (m/z): 348 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 413-[1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propan-1-ol

To a solution of lithium aluminium hydride (0.44 g, 0.011 mol) indiethyl ether (10 mL) was added dropwise at 0° C. solution of3-[1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propanoicacid (Intermediate 40; 2 g, 0.011 mol) in ethyl ether (10 mL). Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes.Saturated sodium bicarbonate was added into the mixture at 0° C. Theorganic phase was extracted and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure giving the title compound (3.2 g, 83%), which was used in thenext step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 334 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 423-[1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propylmethanesulfonate

To a solution of3-[1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propan-1-ol(Intermediate 41; 3.2 g, 0.009 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (25 mL) was added at −40°C. methanesulfonyl bromide (0.93 mL, 0.011 mol) and triethylamine (1.74mL, 0.012 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. MoreCH₂Cl₂ was added into the mixture and the organic layer was washed withwater. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure giving the titlecompound (3.5 g, 88%), which was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LRMS (m/z): 412 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 43 1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-3-(3-iodopropyl)-1H-indole

To a solution of3-[1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propylmethanesulfonate (Intermediate 42; 3.5 g, 8.5 mmol) in ketone (20 mL)was added sodium iodide (2.55 g, 17 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred overnight at 50° C. The crude reaction was filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude obtained waspurified over silica gel eluting with hexane:ether (100/0 to 0/100) toobtain the title compound (2.7 g, 71%).

LRMS (m/z): 444 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 44trans-4-[{3-[1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as an oil (750 mg, 70%) from1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-3-(3-iodopropyl)-1H-indole(Intermediate 43; 630 mg, 1.42 mmol), trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5; 450 mg, 1.28 mmol) andEt₃N (0.2 mL, 1.43 mmol) following the experimental procedure asdescribed for Intermediate 9 and the crude obtained was used in the nextstep without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 668 (M+1)+

Intermediate 45trans-4-[{3-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-[{3-[1-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 44; 19 g, 2.85 mmol) in THF(20 mL) was added hydrochloric acid (8.55 mL, 1M). The reaction mixturewas stirred overnight at room temperature. Ethyl Acetate was poured intothe mixture and the organic layer was washed with water and sodiumbicarbonate, dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The crude obtained was purified over silica gel eluting withchloroform:ethanol (100/0 to 0/100) to obtain the title compound (940mg, 59%).

LRMS (m/z): 553 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 46trans-4-(methyl{3-[1-(2-{[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}amino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-[{3-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 45; 140 mg, 0.25 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added triethylamine (46 μL, 0.33 mmol) anddimethylaminopyridine (31 mg, 0.25 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure and the crude obtained was purified over silica geleluting with ethyl ether to obtain the title compound (110 mg, 61%).

LRMS (m/z): 707 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 47 trans-4-[{3-[1-(2-{[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-(methyl{3-[1-(2-{[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}amino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 46; 310 mg, 0.44 mmol) inN,N-dimethylacetamide anhydrous (1.5 mL) was added5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-onefree base (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931; 146mg, 0.44 mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (73 mg, 0.87 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred overnight at 70° C. Water was poured into themixture and the precipitate was filtered. The crude was purified oversilica gel eluting with chloroform/ethanol to obtain the title compoundas a solid (20 mg, 5%).

LRMS (m/z): 870 (M+1)+

Example 7trans-4-[{3-[1-(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a white solid (11 mg, 63%) fromtrans-4-[{3-[1-(2-{[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 47; 20 mg, 0.02 mmol) andtriethylamine trihydrofluoride (15 μL, 0.09 mmol) following theexperimental procedure as described for Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 755 (M+1)+

¹H NMR (600 MHz, dmso) δ 10.46 (s, 1H), 8.26 (bs, 2H), 7.59-7.38 (m,4H), 7.31 (bs, 2H), 7.19-6.84 (m, 6H), 6.49 (t, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 5.34 (s,1H), 4.71 (bs, 1H), 4.45 (bs, 2H), 3.24 (bs, 2H), 2.98 (dd, J=57.9, 20.5Hz, 5H), 2.65 (d, J=35.8 Hz, 3H), 2.10-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.53 (bs, 4H),1.46-1.33 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 48trans-4-[{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a solid (281 mg, 40%) from tert-butyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate(385 mg, 1.72 mmol), trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5; 500 mg, 1.42 mmol) andEt₃N (0.3 mL, 2.15 mmol) following the experimental procedure asdescribed for Intermediate 9 and the crude obtained was purified oversilica gel eluting with CH₂Cl₂:EtOH.

LRMS (m/z): 495 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 49 trans-4-[(2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-[{2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 48; 281 mg, 0.57 mmol) indioxane (3.5 mL) was added hydrochloric acid (4M in dioxane, 1.5 mL).The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Thecrude reaction was washed with sodium bicarbonate and the crude wasextracted with THF. The solvent was removed under reduced pressuregiving the title compound (266 mg, 95%), which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 395 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 50 [4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]acetic acid

To a solution of trans-4-[(2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (312 mg, 1.48 mmol) in THF (12 mL) andwater (8 mL) was added a solution of lithium hydroxide (109 mg, 4.46mmol) in water (4 mL). It was stirred at room temperature for 2h. TheTHF was removed under vacuum and the aqueous solution was acidified with5N HCl until pH=2. It was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (1×20 mL), dried over sodiumsulphate and the solvent evaporated to afford the title compound (248mg, 89%) as a white solid, which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

LRMS (m/z): 183 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 51trans-4-[[2-({[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution of [4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]acetic acid (Intermediate 50;99 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMF (4.5 mL) was addedtrans-4-[(2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 49; 215 mg, 0.54 mmol), HBTU(316 mg, 0.83 mmol) and DIEA (0.38 mL, 2.19 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent was removed andthe crude was partitioned between ethyl acetate and sodium bicarbonate4%. The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed to give crude, which was purified over silicagel eluting with CHCl₃:Hexane to give the title compound (152 mg, 47%)

LRMS (m/z): 559 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 52trans-4-[(2-{[(4-formylphenoxy)acetyl]amino}ethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a solid (130 mg, 85%) fromtrans-4-[[2-({[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 51; 152 mg, 0.27 mmol) andmanganese oxide (236 mg, 2.71 mmol) following the experimental procedureas described for Intermediate 31 and the crude obtained was used in thenext step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 557 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 53 trans-4-[[2-({[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a yellow foam (176 mg, 86%) fromtrans-4-[(2-{[(4-formylphenoxy)acetyl]amino}ethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)-acetate (Intermediate 52; 130 mg, 0.23 mmol),5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931; 99 mg,0.25 mmol), DIEA (53 μL, 0.3 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (148mg, 0.7 mmol) following the procedure as described for Intermediate 10and the crude obtained was purified over silica gel eluting withChloroform/Methanol (100/0 to 0/100).

LRMS (m/z): 876 (M+1)⁺

Example 8trans-4-[[2-({[4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a white solid (89 mg, 57%) fromtrans-4-[[2-({[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-methyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)-acetate (Intermediate 53; 176 mg, 0.2 mmol) andtriethylamine trihydrofluoride (131 μL, 0.8 mmol) following theexperimental procedure as described for Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 761 (M+1)⁺

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.15 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (bs, 1H), 7.50 (d,J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.14-7.06 (m, 4H), 7.05-6.99 (m,2H), 6.94 (dd, J=8.2, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 6.53 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (bs,1H), 4.71 (bs, 1H), 4.48 (bs, 2H), 3.79 (bs, 2H), 2.73 (bs, 2H), 2.48(s, 3H), 2.43-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.19 (bs, 2H), 1.93 (s, 3H), 1.37 (bs, 4H),1.08 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate 54 5-chloro-4-cyano-2-methoxybenzoic acid

To a solution of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (4 g, 0.019 mol)in water (60 mL) was added hydrochloric acid (35%, 0.63 mL) and themixture was stirred vigorously and cooled to 5° C. Then a solution ofsodium nitrite (1.92 g, 0.027 mol) in water (6 mL) was added dropwise.The mixture was stirred for some minutes and then a previously formedsolution of copper cyanide (2.32 g, 0.026 mol) and sodium cyanide (3.65g, 0.074 mol) in water (20 mL) was added dropwise maintaining a lowtemperature. Once the addition was finished the reaction mixture wasstirred 1 hour at room temperature. The pH of the aqueous phase wasadjusted to 3 and ethyl acetate was added into the mixture and theorganic layer was washed with water, dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure giving the title compound (2.93 g, 62%).

LRMS (m/z): 212 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 55 2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxybenzonitrile

To a solution of 5-chloro-4-cyano-2-methoxybenzoic acid (Intermediate54; 2.93 g, 0.013 mol) in anh THF (50 mL) was added portion wise at 0°C. borane-methyl sulphide complex (2M in THF, 2.63 mL, 0.027 mol). Thereaction mixture was stirred 3 hours at room temperature. 5.5 mL ofwater was added into the mixture and with ethyl the crude was extracted.The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude obtainedwas purified over silica gel eluting with Chloroform/Methanol (100/0 to0/100) to give the title compound as a solid (2.13 g, 77%)

LRMS (m/z): 198 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 562-chloro-5-methoxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]benzonitrile

To a solution of 2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxybenzonitrile(Intermediate 55; 800 mg, 4.05 mmol) in dichloromethane/THF (28 mL/12mL) was added under nitrogen atmosphere 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (0.444 mL,4.86 mmol) and pyridinium p-toluene sulfonate (100 mg, 0.4 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred for 48 hours at room temperature. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and the crude obtained waspartitioned between ether and water. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent removed giving a crude which was purified oversilica gel eluting with Chloroform/Hexane (100/0 to 0/100) to give thetitle compound an oil (1.1 g, 98%)

LRMS (m/z): 282 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 572-chloro-N-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]benzenecarboximidamide

To a solution of Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.28 g, 0.018 mol) inethanol (10 mL) was added Et₃N (2.74 mL, 0.019 mol). The reactionmixture was stirred at 0° C. and then a solution of2-chloro-5-methoxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]benzonitrile(Intermediate 56; 1.1 g, 4.11 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) was added. Themixture was stirred for 5 hours at 65° C. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure and the crude obtained was purified over silica geleluting with Chloroform/Hexane (100/0 to 0/100) to give the titlecompound oil (796 mg, 60%)

LRMS (m/z): 315 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 585-(3-bromopropyl)-3-{2-chloro-5-methoxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazole

To a solution of2-chloro-N-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]benzenecarboximidamide(Intermediate 57; 796 mg, 2.53 mmol) and DIEA (551 μL, 3.15 mmol) indichloromethane (18 mL) was added dropwise 4-bromobutanoyl chloride (324μL, 2.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL). The reaction mixture wasstirred 20 hours at room temperature. The mixture was diluted withdichloromethane and the organic layer was washed with sodium bicarbonateand brine. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure giving an oil,which was used to cyclize without further manipulation. The crudeobtained was dissolved in toluene and refluxed for 2 hours. The solventwas removed under reduced pressure and the crude obtained was purifiedover silica gel eluting with Ethyl acetate/Hexane (100/0 to 0/100) togive the title compound an oil (487 mg, 37%)

LRMS (m/z): 446 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 59trans-4-[[3-(3-{2-chloro-5-methoxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as an oil (585 mg, 84%) from5-(3-bromopropyl)-3-{2-chloro-5-methoxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazole(Intermediate 58; 486 mg, 0.95 mmol), trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5; 386 mg, 1.1 mmol) and DIEA(0.38 mL, 2.18 mmol) following the experimental procedure as describedfor Intermediate 9 and the crude obtained was purified over silica geleluting with CH₂Cl₂:EtOH.

LRMS (m/z): 717 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 60trans-4-[(3-{3-[2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a yellow oil (378 mg, 74%) fromtrans-4-[[3-(3-{2-chloro-5-methoxy-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]phenyl}-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propyl](methyl)-amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 59; 579 mg, 0.81 mmol) andhydrochloric acid (1M, 2.43 mL) following the experimental procedure asdescribed for Intermediate 30 and the crude obtained was purified oversilica gel eluting with CHCl₃:Hexane.

LRMS (m/z): 633 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 61trans-4-[{3-[3-(2-chloro-4-formyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as an oil (326 mg, 78%) fromtrans-4-[(3-{3-[2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 60; 377 mg, 0.6 mmol) andmanganese oxide (570 mg, 6.56 mmol) following the experimental procedureas described for Intermediate 31 and the crude obtained was used in thenext step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 631 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 62 trans-4-[(3-{3-[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a yellow foam (373 mg, 76%) fromtrans-4-[{3-[3-(2-chloro-4-formyl-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 61; 320 mg, 0.51 mmol), 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931; 220 mg,0.56 mmol), DIEA (115 μL, 0.66 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride(350 mg, 1.65 mmol) following the procedure as described forIntermediate 10 and the crude obtained was purified over silica geleluting with Chloroform/Methanol (100/0 to 0/100).

LRMS (m/z): 949 (M+1)⁺

Example 9trans-4-[(3-{3-[2-chloro-4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-5-methoxyphenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a white solid (279 mg, 82%) fromtrans-4-[(3-{3-[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-methyl)-2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}propyl)(methyl)-amino]-cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 62; 367 mg, 0.39 mmol) andtriethylamine trihydrofluoride (252 μL, 1.55 mmol) following theexperimental procedure as described for Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 835 (M+1)⁺

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.15 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.46(dd, J=5.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 7.11-7.01 (m, 3H),7.00-6.88 (m, 3H), 6.48 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 5.12-5.03 (m, 1H), 4.67 (bs,1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.01 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.82-2.63 (m, 2H), 2.41 (bs,1H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 1.98-1.83 (m, 5H), 1.70 (s, 2H), 1.35 (s, 4H), 1.04(d, J=6.1 Hz, 3H).

Intermediate 63 methyl 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoate

To solution of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (10 g, 0.048 mol)in water (50 mL) was added HBF₄ (48% in water, 16.2 mL, 0.12 mol) andacetyl chloride (2.24 mL, 0.031 mol) and the mixture was stirred for 1hour at room temperature. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. to adddropwise sodium nitrite (3.76 g, 0.054 mol) in water (30 mL). Thereaction was allowed to stirrer at 0° C. for 30 minutes. Then the solidwas filtered and it was treated with Acid Acetic (500 mL). The mixturewas heated at 100° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled and it wasstand without further manipulation overnight. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the crude obtained was partitioned betweenEthyl acetate and Brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude was treated withsodium hydroxide (150 mL) for 90 minutes at room temperature andovernight at 45° C. The crude was extracted with dichloromethane andpurified over silica gel eluting with Dichloromethane/Ethanol (100/0 to0/100) to give the title compound as a foam (1.1 g, 10%)

LRMS (m/z): 217 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 64 2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenol

To a solution of methyl 5-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzoate(Intermediate 63; 1.1 g, 5.08 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added dropwise at0° C. lithium aluminium hydride (1M in THF, 9.65 mL). The reactionmixture was stirred 10 minutes at 0° C., 1 hour at room temperature and30 minutes at 65° C. The mixture was cooled at 0° C. and a saturatedsolution of L-Tartrate (100 mL) was added cautiously. Then Ethyl acetatewas added and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature.The organic layer was separated, dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure to give a crude, which was purified oversilica gel eluting with Chloroform/Ethanol (100/0 to 0/100) to give thetitle compound as a foam (460 mg, 450%)

LRMS (m/z): 189 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 65Ethyl[2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetate

To a solution of 2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenol(Intermediate 64; 459 mg, 2.43 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was addedethyl bromoacetate (0.26 mL, 2.43 mmol) and potassium carbonate (420 mg,3.04 mmol) in a sealed tub. The mixture was stirred 2 hours at 90° C.The solid was filtrated, washed with acetonitrile and the solvent of thefiltrate was removed under reduced pressure giving the title compound asa brown oil (640 mg, 85%), which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

LRMS (m/z): 275 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 66 [2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetic acid

To a solution ofethyl[2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetate (Intermediate65; 640 mg, 2.33 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added water (20 mL) andlithium hydroxide (391 mg, 9.32 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirredfor 1 hour at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the aqueous phase was acidified until acid pH and thenextracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine,dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure togive the title compound as a red solid (550 mg, 95%), which was used inthe next step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 247 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 67trans-4-[{2-[{[2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained the title compound (400 mg, 64%) from[2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetic acid (Intermediate66; 230 mg, 0.93 mmol),trans-4-{methyl[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 36; 376 mg, 0.92 mmol), HBTU(350 mg, 0.92 mmol) and DIEA (0.64 mL, 3.69 mmol) following theexperimental procedure as described for Intermediate 51 and the crudeobtained was purified over silica gel eluting with Chloroform/Hexane(100/0 to 0/100).

LRMS (m/z): 638 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 68trans-4-[{2-[[(2-chloro-4-formyl-5-methoxyphenoxy)acetyl](methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as an oil (390 mg, 90%) fromtrans-4-[{2-[{[2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 67; 400 mg, 0.63 mmol) andmanganese oxide (545 mg, 6.27 mmol) following the experimental procedureas described for Intermediate 31 and the crude obtained was used in thenext step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 636 (M+1)⁺

Intermediate 69trans-4-[{2-[{[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-chloro-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a foam (306 mg, 52%) fromtrans-4-[{2-[[(2-chloro-4-formyl-5-methoxyphenoxy)acetyl](methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 68; 390 mg, 0.61 mmol), 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931; 226 mg,0.68 mmol), DIEA (139 μL, 0.8 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride(390 mg, 1.84 mmol) following the procedure as described forIntermediate 10 and the crude obtained was purified over silica geleluting with Chloroform/Methanol (100/0 to 0/100).

LRMS (m/z): 954 (M+1)⁺

Example 10trans-4-[{2-[{[2-chloro-4-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetyl}(methyl)amino]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a white solid (170 mg, 64%) fromtrans-4-[{2-[{[4-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-chloro-5-methoxyphenoxy]acetyl}-(methyl)amino]ethyl}-(methyl)-amino]-cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 69; 300 mg, 0.31 mmol) andtriethylamine trihydrofluoride (205 μL, 1.26 mmol) following theexperimental procedure as described for Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 840 (M+1)⁺

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.12 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H),7.30 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.11-7.01 (m, 3H), 7.01-6.86 (m,3H), 6.63 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (s, 1H), 4.95(d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 3H), 3.69 (bs, 2H), 3.03 (s, 2H),2.85 (bs, 2H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.45 (bs, 2H), 2.41-2.29 (m, 2H), 1.88 (s,3H), 1.35-1.3 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.02 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 70 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6-carbaldehyde

Obtained as a white solid (240 mg of 97% purity by HPLC, 99% yield) from6-bromo-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole (302 mg, 1.31 mmol),methylmagnesium bromide (0.48 mL of a 3M solution in Et₂O, 1.44 mmol),tert-butyllithium (3.0 mL of a 1.7 M solution in Hexanes, 5.10 mmol) andDMF (0.6 mL, 7.7 mmol) following the procedure described in Step 2 ofExample 16 from patent WO02/50070.

LRMS (m/z): 180 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 713-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6-carbaldehyde

2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6-carbaldehyde (120 mg, 0.67 mmol),3-bromopropan-1-ol (85 μL, 0.94 mmol), potassium carbonate (278 mg, 2.01mmol) and potassium iodide (55 mg, 0.33 mmol) were suspended inacetonitrile (2 mL) and the whole mixture was heated at 65° C. for 48h.Then, the solids were filtered off and washed with acetonitrile and theresulting filtrate was evaporated to dryness to afford the titlecompound as a solid (204 mg of 77% purity by HPLC, 99% yield) which wasused without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 238 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 72 3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl)propylmethanesulfonate

To a solution of3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-6-carbaldehyde(Intermediate 71, 158 mg, 0.67 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added Et₃N(0.11 mL, 0.80 mmol) and the mixture was cooled to 0° C. To thissolution, methanesulfonyl chloride was added dropwise (57 μL, 0.74 mmol)and the mixture was maintained at 0° C. for 90 min. CH₂Cl₂ and 4%aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL) were added to the reactionmixture and stirred for 10 min. The two layers were separated and theorganic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydroussodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure togive the title compound as a colourless oil (243 mg, 99% yield) whichwas used without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 316 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 73trans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution of 3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl)propylmethanesulfonate (Intermediate 72, 210 mg, 0.67 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate(Intermediate 5, 234 mg, 0.67 mmol), sodium iodide (250 mg, 1.67 mmol)and DIEA (174 μL, 1.00 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness, the solid residuewas re-suspended in a CH₂Cl₂/Hexanes mixture (20 mL of a 1/1 mixture)and the suspension was filtered through Celite®. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the resulting brownish residue was purifiedby column chromatography over silica gel eluting with a mixture ofCH₂Cl₂/EtOH (gradient from 0 to 10% of EtOH) to provide the titlecompound as a yellow oil (231 mg, 55% yield (90% purity from HPLC)).

LRMS (m/z): 571 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 74 trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a pale yellow solid (2104 mg, 59% yield) fromtrans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 73, 230 mg, 0.40 mmol), 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931, 148 mg,0.44 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (270 mg, 1.27 mmol)following the experimental procedure described for the synthesis ofIntermediate 10. The crude obtained was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel, eluting with a mixture of CHCl₃:EtOH(from 0 to 50% of EtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 890 (M+1)⁺.

Example 11trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid (149 mg, 81% yield) fromtrans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 74, 200 mg, 0.22 mmol) andtriethylamine trihydrofluoride (150 μL, 0.92 mmol) following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 775 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.11 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.46(dt, J=3.8, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dt, J=18.2, 9.1 Hz, 2H), 7.10-7.02 (m,3H), 7.00-6.94 (m, 3H), 6.90 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H),5.11 (bs, 1H), 4.68 (bs, 1H), 3.93 (bs, 3H), 3.84 (s, 2H), 2.72 (d,J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.44 (s, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.91 (s, 2H), 1.72 (dd,J=15.0, 7.1 Hz, 4H), 1.37 (dd, J=19.6, 10.5 Hz, 4H).

Intermediate 75 methyl 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate

4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid (5.0 g, 32.6 mmol) was added dropwise to a0° C. solution of an HCl 1.25 M solution in MeOH(100 mL) and MeOH (100mL). After 5 min of final addition the mixture was allowed to warm up toroom temperature and stirred overnight. HPLC monitoring of the reactionshowed remaining starting material and the mixture was stirred atambient temperature for 48 hours. The solvent was then removed underreduced pressure and the residue was treated with saturated aqueousbicarbonate solution and the aqueous phase was extracted with AcOEt(2×). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried overanhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated to drynessobtaining the title compound (5.37 g, 97% yield) as a crystalline solid.

LRMS (m/z): 168 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 76 methyl 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylate

To a solution of methyl 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate (Intermediate 75, 1.06g, 6.34 mmol) in THF (13.5 mL) was added carbonyl diimidazole (1.88 g,11.6 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux temperature for1 day. After that time, the solvent was removed and the residue waspartitioned between CH₂Cl₂ and 1N aqueous HCl solution. The organicphase was washed with 1N aqueous HCl solution (2×) and water, dried overanhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure to provide the title compound as white solid (870 mg of a 79%purity, 56% yield). The crude was used in the next step without anyfurther purification.

LRMS (m/z): 194 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 77 6-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

To a solution of methyl 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylate(865 mg of 79% purity, 3.51 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added, under argonatmosphere and at 0° C., lithium aluminium hydride (400 mg, 10.5 mmol)in portions in order to maintain the internal temperature below 5° C.After the last addition, the thick suspension was allowed to warm up toroom temperature and stirred for 1.5 hours. Then, water was added (0.4mL) dropwise followed by addition of 4N sodium hydroxide (0.4 mL) andwater (1.2 mL). The mixture was filtered and the solid residue waswashed with EtOH. The ethanolic phase was concentrated to dryness. Thebrown solid obtained was purified by reverse phase column chromatographyover C18 modified silica gel eluting with water:MeOH (from 0 to 100% ofMeOH) to give a pure fraction of the title compound (148 mg, 26% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 166 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 786-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

To a solution of 6-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one(Intermediate 77, 330 mg, 2.0 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added imidazole(203 mg, 2.98 mmol) and the reaction was cooled to 0° C. beforetert-butylchlorodiphenylsilane (0.52 mL, 2.0 mmol) was added dropwise.Upon addition, the reaction was allowed to warm up to room temperatureand stirring was maintained for 16 hours. Water and CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL each)were added to the reaction mixture and the phases were separated. Theaqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×50 mL) and the resultingorganic extracts were washed with water (2×50 mL) and brine (50 mL),dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure. The brown oil obtained was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel eluting with Hexane:Et₂O (from 0 to 100%of Et₂O) to afford the title compound as a beige solid (437 mg, 54%yield).

LRMS (m/z): 404 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 796-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

To a solution of6-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one(Intermediate 78, 218 mg, 0.54 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) were added potassiumcarbonate (232 mg, 1.68 mmol) and 2-bromoethanol (60 μL, 0.85 mmol) andthe reaction mixture was placed in a sealed vessel at 120° C. over aperiod of 4 hours. CH₂Cl₂ was added to the mixture and the solids werefiltered off and washed with CH₂Cl₂. The resulting filtrate was washedwith water and brine and the organic phase was filtered through a PhaseSeparator membrane to remove remaining water. The crude oil was purifiedby column chromatography over silica gel using Hexane:Et₂O as eluent(from 0 to 100% of Et₂O) to give the title compound as a white solid(107 mg, 44% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 448 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 802-[6-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethylmethanesulfonate

Obtained as a colourless oil (139 mg of 90% purity by HPLC, 99% yield)from6-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one(Intermediate 79, 107 mg, 0.24 mmol), Et₃N (50 μL, 0.34 mmol) andmethanesulfonyl chloride (26 μL, 0.34 mmol) following the experimentalprocedure described for the synthesis of Intermediate 72. The crude wasused for the next step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 526 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 81trans-4-[{2-[6-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a solid (92 mg of 88% purity by HPLC, 44% yield) from2-[6-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethylmethanesulfonate (Intermediate 80, 139 mg, 0.24 mmol),trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate(Intermediate 5, 95 mg, 0.27 mmol), sodium iodide (75 mg, 0.50 mmol) andDIEA (65 μL, 0.37 mmol) following the experimental procedure describedfor the synthesis of Intermediate 73. The crude was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel eluting with Hexane:Et₂O (from 0 to 100%of Et₂O).

LRMS (m/z): 781 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 82trans-4-[{2-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-[{2-[6-({[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 81, 92 mg of 88% purity byHPLC, 0.10 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added triethylamine trihydrofluoride(55 μL, 0.342 mmol) and the final solution was stirred at ambienttemperature overnight. Saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and CHCl₃were added and the phases separated. The aqueous phase was extractedwith CHCl₃ (2×15 mL) and the combined organic extracts were filteredthrough a Phase Separator membrane and concentrated under reducedpressure. The solid residue was purified by column chromatography oversilica gel eluting with CH₂Cl₂:EtOH (from 0 to 10% EtOH) to give thetitle compound as a colourless foam (40 mg, 70% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 543 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 83trans-4-[[2-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-[{2-[6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 82, 40 mg, 0.07 mmol) inCH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane reagent (45 mg, 0.11mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 40 min. Saturated aqueoussolutions of sodium bicarbonate and sodium thiosulfate were added (0.5mL each) and stirring was maintained for 10 more min. The phases wereseparated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×5 mL). Thecombined organic extracts were filtered through a Phase Separatormembrane and concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound (63 mgof 60% purity by HPLC, 100% yield) as a yellow oil. The crude oil wasused as this without any further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 541 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 84 trans-4-[{2-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a yellow solid (44 mg of a 81% purity by HPLC, 59% yield)fromtrans-4-[[2-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 83, 63 mg of a 60% purity byHPLC, 0.07 mmol), 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931, 32 mg,0.10 mmol) DIEA (21 μL, 0.12 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (107mg, 0.50 mmol) following the experimental procedure described for thesynthesis of Intermediate 10. The crude obtained was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel, eluting with a mixture of CHCl₃:EtOH(from 0 to 50% of EtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 859 (M+1)⁺.

Example 12trans-4-[{2-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid (29 mg, 72% yield) fromtrans-4-[{2-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]ethyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 84, 44 mg, 0.05 mmol) andtriethylamine trihydrofluoride (40 μL, 0.25 mmol) following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 745 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.13 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H),7.36 (bs, 2H), 7.23 (bs, 2H), 7.05 (bs, 3H), 7.01-6.85 (m, 3H), 6.48 (d,J=10.1 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (bs, 1H), 4.62 (bs, 1H), 3.86 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H),2.70 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.22 (bs, 2H), 1.91 (bs, 2H),1.81 (bs, 2H), 1.49 (bs, 2H), 1.41-1.13 (m, 3H).

Intermediate 853-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde

Obtained as a solid (120 mg of a 76% purity by HPLC, 35% yield) from2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde (Intermediate 7, 180mg, 1.10 mmol), 4-bromobutan-1-ol (255 mg, 1.67 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (460 mg, 3.33 mmol) and potassium iodide (92 mg, 0.55 mmol)following the procedure described for the synthesis of Intermediate 71.The crude residue was purified by column chromatography over silica geleluting with CH₂Cl₂:EtOH (from 0 to 5% of EtOH).

Intermediate 86 4-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)butylmethanesulfonate

Obtained as a colourless oil (153 mg of 80% purity by HPLC, 99% yield)from 3-(4-hydroxybutyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde(Intermediate 85, 120 mg of 76% purity by HPLC, 0.39 mmol), Et₃N (145μL, 1.05 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (64 μL, 0.83 mmol) followingthe experimental procedure described for the synthesis of Intermediate72. The crude was used for the next step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 314 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 87trans-4-[[4-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)butyl](methyl)amino]-cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a solid (93 mg, 42% yield) from4-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)butyl methanesulfonate(Intermediate 86, 121 mg, 0.39 mmol), trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5, 137 mg, 0.39 mmol), sodiumiodide (145 mg, 0.97 mmol) and DIEA (105 μL, 0.58 mmol) following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Intermediate 73.The crude was purified by column chromatography over silica gel elutingwith CH₂Cl₂:MeOH (from 0 to 100% of MeOH).

LRMS (m/z): 569 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 88 trans-4-[{4-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]butyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a solid (80 mg of 62% purity by HPLC, 35% yield) fromtrans-4-[[4-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)butyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 87, 90 mg, 0.16 mmol),5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931, 69 mg,0.17 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (135 mg, 0.64 mmol)following the experimental procedure described for the synthesis ofIntermediate 10. The crude obtained was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel, eluting with a mixture of CHCl₃:EtOH(from 0 to 50% of EtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 887 (M+1)⁺.

Example 13trans-4-[{4-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]butyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid (44 mg, 98% yield) fromtrans-4-[{4-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]butyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 88, 79 mg of a 62% purity byHPLC, 0.06 mmol) and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (40 μL, 0.25 mmol)following the experimental procedure described for the synthesis ofExample 1.

LRMS (m/z): 773 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.30 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (bs, 2H), 7.49 (s,1H), 7.44-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.24 (dd, J=8.1, 4.6 Hz, 3H), 7.18-7.03 (m, 3H),6.64 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (s, 1H), 5.29-5.18 (m, 1H), 4.85 (s, 1H),3.97 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 4H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.54 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 2.28 (d,J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 2.08 (bs, 2H), 1.85 (bs, 4H), 1.66-1.40 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 89trans-4-[(3-{5-[({(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl}amino)methyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a solid (56 mg of 71% purity by HPLC, 56% yield) fromtrans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 16, 46 mg, 0.08 mmol),N-[5-[(R)-2-amino-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-2-hydroxyphenylformamideacetate (prepared according to the preparation of Example 3 fromWO2007127297, 33 mg, 0.09 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (605mg, 0.28 mmol) following the experimental procedure described for thesynthesis of Intermediate 10. The crude obtained was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel, eluting with a mixture of CHCl₃:EtOH(from 0 to 50% of EtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 848 (M+1)⁺.

Example 14trans-4-[(3-{5-[({(2R)-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl}amino)methyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid fromtrans-4-[(3-{5-[({(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl}amino)methyl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}propyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (56 mg of 71% purity by HPLC, 0.05 mmol)and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (30 μL, 0.19 mmol) following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 734 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (s,1H), 7.47-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.22 (bs, 2H), 7.09-6.71 (m, 6H), 4.65 (bs, 1H),4.54 (bs, 1H), 3.74 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.40-2.3 (m, 3H),2.07 (bs, 4H), 1.87 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 2H), 1.67 (bs, 4H), 1.32 b(s, 4H).

Intermediate 903-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde

Obtained as a solid (191 mg of 85% purity by HPLC, 49% yield) from2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde (Intermediate 7, 245mg, 1.50 mmol), 3-bromopropan-1-ol (190 μL, 2.11 mmol), potassiumcarbonate (620 mg, 4.50 mmol) and potassium iodide (125 mg, 0.75 mmol)following the experimental procedure described for the synthesis ofIntermediate 71. The crude residue was purified by column chromatographyover silica gel eluting with CH₂Cl₂:EtOH (from 0 to 10% of EtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 222 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 91 3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)propylmethanesulfonate

Obtained as a colourless oil (297 mg of 86% purity by HPLC, 99% yield)from3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde(Intermediate 90, 190 mg of 85% purity by HPLC, 0.85 mmol), Et₃N (145μL, 1.05 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (75 μL, 0.97 mmol) followingthe experimental procedure described for the synthesis of Intermediate72. The crude was used for the next step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 300 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 92trans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate

Obtained as a solid (298 mg, 54% yield) from3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl methanesulfonate(Intermediate 91, 297 mg, 0.99 mmol), trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate (prepared according to preparation ofIntermediate 162 from WO2011141180, 349 mg, 0.99 mmol), sodium iodide(372 mg, 2.48 mmol) and DIEA (260 μL, 1.49 mmol) following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Intermediate 73.The crude was purified by column chromatography over silica gel elutingwith CH₂Cl₂:EtOH (from 0 to 100% of EtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 555 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 93 trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate

Obtained as a solid (110 mg, 44% yield) fromtrans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate (Intermediate 92, 160 mg, 0.29 mmol),5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931, 135 mg,0.34 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (200 mg, 0.94 mmol)following the experimental procedure described for the synthesis ofIntermediate 10. The crude obtained was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel, eluting with a mixture ofCHCl₃:CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH (40/4/0.2) (from 0 to 100% of CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH(40/4/0.2)).

LRMS (m/z): 874 (M+1)⁺.

Example 15trans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid fromtrans-4-[{3-[6-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate (Intermediate 93, 110 mg, 0.13 mmol)and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (80 μL, 0.50 mmol) following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 759 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.13 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.23 (m, 4H), 7.20(s, 1H), 7.13 (bs, 4H), 7.1-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 6.47(d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (bs, 1H), 4.55 (t, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (s, 2H),3.77 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 2.38 (dd, J=20.3, 14.1Hz, 2H), 2.27 (bs, 2H), 2.07 (s, 2H), 1.71 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 4H), 1.55 (d,J=10.9 Hz, 2H), 1.27 (dd, J=29.5, 17.5 Hz, 2H), 1.03 (bs, 2H).

Intermediate 94trans-4-[{3-[6-[({(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl}amino)methyl]-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate

Obtained as a solid (87 mg, 42% yield) fromtrans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate (Intermediate 92, 135 mg, 0.24 mmol),N-[5-[(R)-2-amino-1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-2-hydroxyphenylformamideacetate (prepared according to the preparation of Example 3 fromWO2007127297, 83 mg, 0.27 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (360mg, 1.70 mmol) following the experimental procedure described for thesynthesis of Intermediate 10. The crude obtained was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel, eluting with a mixture ofCHCl₃:CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH (40/4/0.2) (from 0 to 100% of CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH(40/4/0.2)).

LRMS (m/z): 850 (M+1)⁺.

Example 16trans-4-[{3-[6-[({(2R)-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl}amino)methyl]-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid fromtrans-4-[{3-[6-[({(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}-2-[3-(formylamino)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethyl}amino)methyl]-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate (Intermediate 94, 87 mg, 0.10 mmol)and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (66 μL, 0.41 mmol) following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 735 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 9.56 (s, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d,J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.19 (bs, 3H), 7.16-7.07 (m, 4H), 6.86(dd, J=8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (dd, J=16.4, 8.6Hz, 1H), 3.78 (dd, J=16.7, 9.6 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 3H), 2.39 (t,J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (bs, 4H), 2.08 (bs, 2H), 1.76 (s, 3H), 1.55 (bs,2H), 1.25 (bs, 4H), 1.12-0.95 (m, 4H).

Intermediate 95 4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3-nitrobenzonitrile

To a solution of 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzonitrile (10 g, 0.06 mol) in THF(50 mL) was added in portions, via syringe, 3-aminopropanol (5 mL, 0.07mol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. After one hour ofreaction the crude mixture was evaporated to dryness and AcOEt was added(300 mL). The organic layer was washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate(250 mL of a 4% aqueous solution) and the aqueous phase was furtherextracted with AcOEt (2×100 mL). The combined organic extracts werewashed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, andconcentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as anorange solid (13.4 g, 99% yield) which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

LRMS (m/z): 222 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 96 3-amino-4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]benzonitrile

To a suspension of 4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3-nitrobenzonitrile(Intermediate 95, 13.4 g, 0.06 mol) in EtOH (500 mL) was added, underargon atmosphere, palladium over carbon (350 mg, 3.3 mmol of a 10% Pd/C)and the mixture was degassed. Then, H₂ was added up to an internalpressure of 20 psi, and the final suspension was stirred at roomtemperature for 2.5 hours. The crude was filtered through a Whatmannglass micro fibre filter and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure to afford the title compound as a brownish solid (11.5 g, 95%yield) which was used in the next step without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 192 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 971-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbonitrile

To a vigorously stirred solution of3-amino-4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]benzonitrile (Intermediate 96, 11.5 g,0.06 mol) in aqueous HCl (105 mL of a 5N HCl solution) was added,dropwise an 0° C., a solution of sodium nitrite (6.2 g, 0.09 mol) inwater (47 mL). After 3.5 hours of vigorously stirring at 0° C., waterwas added (200 mL) and the reaction mixture extracted with AcOEt (3×150mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (3×100 mL) andbrine, and the resulting organic phase was evaporated to dryness todeliver the title compound as a brownish solid (10.8 g, 86%) which wasused without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 203 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 981-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbaldehyde

To a solution of1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbonitrile (Intermediate97, 9.6 g, 47.5 mmol) in aqueous Formic Acid (106 mL of a 75% solutionin water) was added Niquel-Aluminium alloy (10.6 g, 0.12 mol). Themixture was stirred overnight at 75° C. The solids were removed byfiltration through Celite® and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The crude obtained was treated with MeOH (415 mL) andpotassium carbonate was added (49 g, 0.35 mol). After 1h the solutionwas acidified with 2N HCl until neutral pH and MeOH evaporated underreduced pressure. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×200 mL)and the resulting organic layer washed with water (2×50 mL), dried andevaporated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound as asolid (6.05 g, 60% yield), which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

LRMS (m/z): 206 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 99 3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propylmethanesulfonate

Obtained as a colourless oil (701 mg, 99% yield) from of1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbaldehyde (Intermediate98, 500 mg, 2.44 mmol), Et₃N (0.41 mL, 2.96 mmol) and methanesulfonylchloride (0.19 mL, 2.45 mmol) following the experimental proceduredescribed for the synthesis of Intermediate 72. The crude obtained wasused without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 284 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 100trans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate

To a solution of trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate (Intermediate 172 fromWO2011/141180A1, 318 mg, 0.93 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added sodiumiodide (355 mg, 2.37 mmol) and DIEA (0.25 mL, 1.44 mmol). To thissuspension a solution of 3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propylmethanesulfonate (Intermediate 99, 380 mg, 1.17 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded and the mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 7 hours. The reactionmixture was evaporated to dryness, the solid residue was re-suspended inCHCl₃ (30 mL) and the suspension was filtered through Celite®. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting yellowsolid was purified by column chromatography over silica gel eluting witha mixture of CH₂Cl₂/EtOH (gradient from 0 to 100% of EtOH) to providethe title compound as a yellow solid (473 mg (70% purity by HPLC), 68%yield).

LRMS (m/z): 525 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 101 trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate

Obtained as a solid (144 mg, 35% yield (60% purity by HPLC) fromtrans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate (Intermediate 100, 221 mg,0.29 mmol),5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931, 120 mg,0.30 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (560 mg, 2.64 mmol)following the experimental procedure described for the synthesis ofIntermediate 10. The crude obtained was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel, eluting with a mixture ofhexane:Et₂O:EtOH (from 0 to 100% of Et₂O and then from 0 to 100% ofEtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 843 (M+1)⁺.

Example 17trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid (80 mg, 92% yield) fromtrans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate (Intermediate 101, 144 mg of a60% purity, 0.1 mmol) and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (65 μL, 0.41mmol) following the experimental procedure described for the synthesisof Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 729 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.09 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.83 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=5.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H),7.07 (bs, 2H), 7.00-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.44 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 5.95 (bs,1H), 5.17 (bs, 1H), 4.71 (bs, 2H), 4.56 (bs, 2H), 4.06 (bs, 2H),2.88-2.60 (m, 3H), 2.47-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.16 (bs, 2H), 2.06 (bs, 2H), 1.91(bs, 2H), 1.86-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.67 (bs, 4H), 1.5-1.39 (m, 8H).

Intermediate 102trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate

Obtained as a solid (97 mg, 47% yield (66% purity by HPLC)) fromtrans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl-(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate (Intermediate 100, 100 mg,0.19 mmol),8-[(R)-2-amino-1-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanoxy)-ethyl-5-hydroxy-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one(prepared according to intermediate 65 from WO2008149110, 60 mg, 0.16mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (209 mg, 0.99 mmol) following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Intermediate 10.The crude obtained was purified by column chromatography over silicagel, eluting with a mixture of CH₂Cl₂:EtOH (from 0 to 50% of EtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 848 (M+1)⁺.

Example 18trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid (47 mg, 81% yield) fromtrans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(5-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-8-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate (Intermediate 102, 97 mg of a66% purity, 0.08 mmol), and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (50 μL, 0.31mmol) following the experimental procedure described for the synthesisof Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 729 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 9.99 (bs, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.5 Hz,1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H),6.85 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 5.96 (s, 1H), 4.93 (bs,1H), 4.71 (bs 2H), 4.57 (bs, 2H), 4.43 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (bs, 2H),2.77-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.10 (bs, 2H), 2.02 (bs, 4H), 1.97-1.60(m, 4H), 1.60-1.15 (m, 8H), 1.10 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H).

Intermediate 1033-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde

To a solution of 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde(Intermediate 7, 300 mg, 1.84 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) were added potassiumcarbonate (633 mg, 4.58 mmol) and(3-bromopropoxy)(tert-butyl)dimethylsilane (0.47 mL, 2.03 mmol), and theresulting mixture was heated to 75° C. Upon complete disappearance ofstarting material (ca 16 hours), the solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the solid residue was treated with CH₂Cl₂ and stirred for 5min. The suspension was filtered through Celite® and the solid residuewashed with additional CH₂Cl₂. The filtrate was concentrated to drynessand the crude was purified by column chromatography over silica gel,eluting with Hexane:Et₂O (from 0 to 32% of Et₂O) to give the titlecompound as a white solid (550 mg, 89% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 336 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 104 3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-[(E/Z)-2-methoxyvinyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

A solution of methoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (1.2 g, 3.5mmol) in THF (7 mL) was treated, under argon atmosphere and at 0° C.,with lithium hexamethyldisilazide (3.5 mL of a 1M solution in toluene,3.5 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min.Then, a solution of3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carbaldehyde(Intermediate 103, 468 mg, 1.4 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was added andstirring was maintained at room temperature for 14 hours. Saturatedaqueous ammonium chloride solution and AcOEt were added (30 mL each) andstirring was maintained for 5 min. Water was added (10 mL), the layerswere separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with AcOEt (3×40 mL).The resulting organic phase was washed with water and brine (60 mLeach), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and evaporated todryness. The resulting oil was purified by column chromatography oversilica gel eluting with Hexane:Et₂O (from 0 to 100% of Et₂O) to affordthe title compound as a colourless oil (432 mg of a 1:1 E:Z mixture, 85%yield).

LRMS (m/z): 364 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 1053-(3-hydroxypropyl)-6-[(E/Z)-2-methoxyvinyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

To a solution of TBAF (1.15 mL of a 1M solution in THF, 1.15 mmol)glacial AcOH was added dropwise (0.2 mL) and the final mixture was addedto a solution of3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-[(E/Z)-2-methoxyvinyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one(Intermediate 104, 378 mg, 1.04 mmol) in THF (1 mL). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature fro 14 hours. Saturated aqueousammonium chloride solution (10 mL), water (10 mL) and Et₂O (20 mL) wereadded. The aqueous phase was separated and further extracted with Et₂O(4×30 mL) and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodiumsulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by column chromatography over silica gel eluting withHexane:Et₂O (from 0 to 100% of Et₂O) to provide the title compound as acolourless oil (228 mg of a 1:1 E/Z mixture, 88% yield)

LRMS (m/z): 250 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 1063-[6-[(E/Z)-2-methoxyvinyl]-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propylmethanesulfonate

Obtained as a colourless oil (356 mg of a 1:1 E/Z mixture (92% purity byHPLC), 98% yield) from3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-6-[(E/Z)-2-methoxyvinyl]-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one(Intermediate 105, 254 mg, 1.02 mmol), methanesulfonyl chloride (80 μL,1.03 mmol) and Et₃N (160 μL, 1.15 mmol) following the experimentalprocedure described for the synthesis of Intermediate 100.

LRMS (m/z): 328 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 107trans-4-[{3-[6-[(E/Z)-2-methoxyvinyl]-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a brownish oil (500 mg of a 1:1 E/Z mixture (90% purity byHPLC), 86% yield) from trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 5, 315 mg, 0.9 mmol),3-[6-[(E/Z)-2-methoxyvinyl]-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propylmethanesulfonate (Intermediate 106, 356 mg, 1.0 mmol), sodium iodide(290 mg, 1.93 mmol) and DIEA (0.24 mL, 1.38 mmol). following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Intermediate 101.The crude was purified by column chromatography over silica gel elutingwith a mixture of CH₂Cl₂/EtOH (gradient from 0 to 100% of EtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 583 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 108trans-4-(methyl{3-[2-oxo-6-(2-oxoethyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}amino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-[{3-[6-[(E/Z)-2-methoxyvinyl]-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 107, 500 mg, 0.86 mmol) inTHF (5 mL) was added dropwise a solution of HCl (0.45 mL of a 4Msolution in dioxane, 1.8 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour.Aqueous sodium bicarbonate was added and the aqueous layer was extractedwith CH₂Cl₂ (3×30 mL). The resulting organic phase was washed with waterand brine (30 mL each), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filteredand concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound asa brownish oil (545 mg (90% purity by HPLC, 100% yield). The crude wasimmediately used without further purification.

LRMS (m/z): 542 (M+18)⁺, 556 (M+32)⁺.

Intermediate 109 trans-4-[{3-[6-(2-{[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution oftrans-4-(methyl{3-[2-oxo-6-(2-oxoethyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}amino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 108, 487 mg, 0.86 mmol) in1,2-dichlorethane (8 mL) was added 5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931, 347 mg,0.88 mmol). The suspension was stirred for 10 min and sodiumcyanoborohydride was added (145 mg, 2.31 mmol). A few drops of MeOH werealso added to the reaction mixture and stirring was maintained for 18hours. Chloroform and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution wereadded and the phases separated and remaining insoluble solid was kept inthe flask. The aqueous phase was extracted with chloroform (3×50 mL) andthe organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure obtaining a brown solid residue. Theinsoluble solid was dissolved in MeOH and joined to the solid residueand the mixture was purified initially by column chromatography oversilica gel eluting with chloroform:EtOH (from 0 to 100% EtOH) followedby reverse phase column chromatography over C18 modified silica geleluting with water:MeOH (from 0 to 100% MeOH) to give the title compoundas a yellowish solid (170 mg, 22% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 888 (M+1)⁺.

Example 19trans-4-[{3-[6-(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid (67 mg, 85% yield) fromtrans-4-[{3-[6-(2-{[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}ethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 109, 100 mg of a 70% purity,0.08 mmol), and triethylamine trihydrofluoride (55 μL, 0.34 mmol)following the experimental procedure described for the synthesis ofExample 1.

LRMS (m/z): 812 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 8.16 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (dd, J=5.0, 1.2Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.12 (m, 3H), 7.10-7.02 (m, 3H), 7.00-6.82 (m, 3H), 6.50(d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.66 (bs, 2H), 3.81 (bs, 2H), 2.9-2.5(m, 2H), 2.43 (bs, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.90 (bs, 2H), 1.79 (bs, 4H), 1.65(bs, 4H), 1.35 (bs, 4H).

Intermediate 110 Ethyl[4-(2-oxopropyl)phenoxy]acetate

1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-one (500 mg, 3.33 mmol), ethyl2-bromoacetate (0.37 mL, 3.34 mmol) and potassium carbonate (575 mg,4.16 mmol) were dissolved in acetonitrile (7 mL) in a sealed tube underargon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated to 90° C. for 3.5hours. The solids were filtered and washed with additional acetonitrileand the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give thetitle compound (790 mg, 100% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 237 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 111 [4-(2-oxopropyl)phenoxy]acetic acid

To a solution of ethyl[4-(2-oxopropyl)phenoxy]acetate (Intermediate 110,786 mg, 3.33 mmol) in THF (24 mL) water was added (12 mL) and themixture was stirred for 10 min. Then, lithium hydroxide monohydrate (420mg, 10.01 mmol) was added and stirring was continued for 3.5 hours atroom temperature. THF was evaporated from the reaction mixture and waterwas added (25 mL). The solution was acidified with 5N HCl until pH 2 wasreached and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×30 mL). Theresulting organic extract was washed with water and brine, dried overanhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure to give the title compound (392 mg, 57% yield).

LRMS (m/z): 209 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 112trans-4-{methyl[2-({[4-(2-oxopropyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl]amino}cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

To a solution of trans-4-[(2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 49, 266 mg, 0.57 mmol) in DMF(9 mL) were added [4-(2-oxopropyl)phenoxy]acetic acid (Intermediate 111,131 mg, 0.63 mmol), DIEA (0.4 mL, 2.3 mmol) and HATU (430 mg, 1.13mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature, underargon atmosphere, for 18 hours. The solvent is removed under reducedpressure and water was added to the solid residue. The aqueous phase wasextracted with AcOEt (2×50 mL) and the combined organic extracts werewashed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, filtered andconcentrated to dryness. The residue obtained was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel eluting with a mixture of CH₂Cl₂:EtOH(from 0 to 10% of EtOH) to provide the title compound (281 mg, 85%yield).

LRMS (m/z): 585 (M+1)⁺.

Intermediate 113 trans-4-[[2-({[4-(2-{[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)siy]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}propyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl](methyl)-amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate

Obtained as a solid (137 mg, 32% yield) fromtrans-4-{methyl[2-({[4-(2-oxopropyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl]amino}cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 112, 280 mg, 0.48 mmol),5-((1R)-2-amino-1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)-silyl]oxy}ethyl)-8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-oneacetate (prepared according to preparation 8 from US20060035931, 205 mg,0.52 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (325 mg, 1.53 mmol)following the experimental procedure described for the synthesis ofIntermediate 10 using only MeOH as solvent (4 mL). The crude obtainedwas purified by column chromatography over silica gel, eluting with amixture of CH₂Cl₂:EtOH (from 0 to 90% of EtOH).

LRMS (m/z): 843 (M+1)⁺.

Example 20trans-4-{[2-({2-[4-(2-{[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]amino}propyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl]amino}cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate dihydrofluoride

Obtained as a pale yellow solid (967 mg, 78% yield) fromtrans-4-[[2-({[4-(2-{[(2R)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-(8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-5-yl)ethyl]-amino}propyl)phenoxy]acetyl}amino)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate (Intermediate 113, 135 mg, 0.15 mmol), andtriethylamine trihydrofluoride (60 μL, 0.38 mmol) following theexperimental procedure described for the synthesis of Example 1.

LRMS (m/z): 812 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, cd3od) δ 8.33 (t, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (bs, 2H),7.32-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.10 (bs, 3H), 6.99 (d, J=23.2 Hz, 4H), 6.67 (d,J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 5.37 (bs, 1H), 4.83 (bs, 2H), 4.52 (bs, 2H), 3.59 (bs,2H), 3.48 (bs, 2H), 3.27-2.99 (m, 5H), 2.80-2.59 (m, 3H), 2.06 (bs, 4H),1.69-1.39 (m, 4H), 1.33-1.14 (m, 2H).

Example 21trans-4-[{3-[5-({[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]propyl}(methyl)amino]-cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate

Obtained as a colourless foam (8 mg, 6% yield) fromtrans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl (hydroxy)2-thienylacetate (Intermediate 100, 151 mg ofa 70% purity, 0.2 mmol), 7-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, acetate salt(prepared according to step d of Example 1 from patent WO2009/098448, 49mg, 0.17 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (68 mg, 0.32 mmol)following the experimental procedure described for the synthesis ofIntermediate 113. The reaction mixture was purified by reverse phasecolumn chromatography over C18 modified silica gel eluting withwater:MeOH (from 0 to 100% MeOH)

LRMS (m/z): 729 (M+1)⁺.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, dmso) δ 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (bs, 1H), 5.44 (bs, 2H),4.62 (bs, 3H), 4.57 (bs, 2H), 3.87 (bs, 1H), 2.68 (bs, 2H), 2.37 (s,3H), 2.12 (bs, 2H), 1.96 (bs, 3H), 1.78 (bs, 1H), 1.59 (bs, 2H), 1.31(bs, 12H).

Biological Tests

Test 1: Human Adrenergic β₁ and β₂ Receptor Binding Assays

The study of binding to human adrenergic beta1 and beta2 receptors wasperformed using commercial membranes prepared from Sf9 cells where theyare overexpressed (Perkin Elmer). The membrane suspensions (16 μg/wellfor beta1 and 5 μg/well for beta2) in assay buffer (75 mM Tris/HCl with12.5 mM MgCl2 and 2 mM EDTA pH=7.4) were incubated with 0.14 or 0.6 nMof 3H-CGP12177 (Amersham) for beta 1 and beta 2 receptors respectivelyin a final volume of 250 μl, in GFC Multiscreen 96 well plates(Millipore) previously treated with assay buffer containing 0.3% PEI(Sigma). Non specific binding was measured in the presence of 1 μMpropanolol. Incubation was maintained for 60 minutes at room temperatureand with gentle shaking. The binding reactions were terminated byfiltration and washing with 2.5 volumes of Tris/HCl 50 mM pH=7.4. Theaffinity of each test compound to the receptor was determined by usingten different concentrations ran in duplicate. IC50s were calculatedusing Activity Base software from IDBS and the four parameters-logequation.

Test 2: Human Muscarinic M₁, M₂, M₃, M₄ and M₅ Receptors Binding Assays

The study of binding to human muscarinic M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 receptorswas performed using commercial membranes (Perkin Elmer) prepared fromCHO-K1 cells. Radioligand binding experiments were conducted in 96polypropylene well plates in a total volume of 200 μl. All reagents weredissolved in assay binding buffer (PBS with calcium and magnesium,SIGMA), except compounds that were dissolved in DMSO 100%. Non-specificbinding (NSB) was measured in the presence of 1 μM atropine. [3H]-NMSwas used as the radioligand at a concentration of 1 nM for M2, M3 and M5and 0.3 nM for M1 and M4. [3H]-NMS and antagonists were incubated withmembranes that express human muscarinic receptors M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5at concentrations of 8.1, 10, 4.9, 4.5 and 4.9 μg/well, respectively.

After an incubation period of two hours with gentle shaking, 150 μl ofthe reaction mix were transferred to 96 GF/C filter plates (Millipore),previously treated with wash buffer (Tris 50 mM; NaCl 100 mM; pH:7.4),containing 0.05% PEI (Sigma) during one hour.

Bound and free [3H]-NMS were separated by rapid vacuum filtration in amanifold from Millipore and washed four times with ice cold wash buffer.After drying 30 min, 30 μl of OPTIPHASE Supermix were added to each welland radioactivity quantified using a Microbeta microplate scintillationcounter.

The affinity of each test compound to the receptors was determined byusing ten different concentrations ran in duplicate. IC50s werecalculated using Activity Base software from IDBS and the fourparameters-log equation.

Binding IC₅₀, nM Example β₂ M₃ 1 140 0.3 2 120 0.4 4 220 0.6 5 2.7 0.4 634 1.4 8 18 2.2 9 2.2 0.2 10 5.7 0.4 11 4.2 0.5 15 1.5 1 16 12 5.9 17 130.6 18 1.4 0.4 19 62 0.8 20 3.1 3.6

Pharmaceutical Compositions

Compounds of the invention intended for pharmaceutical use may beadministered as crystalline or amorphous products, or mixtures thereof.They may be obtained, for example, as solid plugs, powders, or films bymethods such as precipitation, crystallization, freeze drying, spraydrying, or evaporative drying. Microwave or radio frequency drying maybe used for this purpose.

Pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention comprisethe compounds of the invention in association with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable diluent or carrier.

As used herein, the term pharmaceutical composition refers to a mixtureof one or more of the compounds described herein, orphysiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, N-oxides,isomers, isotopes, polymorphs or prodrugs thereof, with other chemicalcomponents, such as physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable carriersand excipients. The purpose of a pharmaceutical composition is tofacilitate administration of a compound to an organism.

As used herein, a physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable diluent orcarrier refers to a carrier or diluent that does not cause significantirritation to an organism and does not abrogate the biological activityand properties of the administered compound.

A pharmaceutically acceptable excipient refers to an inert substanceadded to a pharmaceutical composition to further facilitateadministration of a compound.

The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprisingthe compounds of the invention in association with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable diluent or carrier together with one or more othertherapeutic agents such as the previously described for use in thetreatment of a pathological condition or disease associated with both β2adrenergic receptor agonist and muscarinic receptor antagonistactivities.

The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions of theinvention for use in the treatment of a pathological disease or disorderassociated with both β2 adrenergic receptor agonist and muscarinicreceptor antagonist activities, in particular wherein the pathologicaldisease or disorder is selected from a pulmonary disease, such as asthmaor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pre-term labor, glaucoma, aneurological disorder, a cardiac disorder, inflammation, urologicaldisorders such as urinary incontinence and gastrointestinal disorderssuch as irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colitis.

The invention also provides a method of treatment of a pathologicalcondition or disease associated with both β2 adrenergic receptor agonistand muscarinic receptor antagonist activities in particular wherein thepathological condition or disease is selected from a pulmonary disease,such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pre-term labor,glaucoma, a neurological disorder, a cardiac disorder, inflammation,urological disorders such as urinary incontinence and gastrointestinaldisorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colitis,comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of apharmaceutical composition of the invention.

The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions whichcomprise, as an active ingredient, at least a compound of formula (I) ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, N-oxide or deuteratedderivative thereof in association with a pharmaceutically acceptableexcipient such as a carrier or diluent. The active ingredient maycomprise 0.001% to 99% by weight, preferably 0.01% to 90% by weight, ofthe composition depending upon the nature of the formulation and whetherfurther dilution is to be made prior to application. Preferably thecompositions are made up in a form suitable for oral, inhalation,topical, nasal, rectal, percutaneous or injectable administration.

Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the delivery of compounds ofthe invention and methods for their preparation will be readily apparentto those skilled in the art. Such compositions and methods for theirpreparation can be found, for example, in Remington: The Science andPractice of Pharmacy, 21 st Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,Philadelphia, Pa., 2001.

The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are admixed with theactive compound or salts of such compound, to form the compositions ofthis invention are well-known per se and the actual excipients useddepend inter alia on the intended method of administering thecompositions. Examples, without limitation, of excipients includecalcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars and types ofstarch, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, vegetable oils and polyethyleneglycols.

Additional suitable carriers for formulations of the compounds of thepresent invention can be found in Remington: The Science and Practice ofPharmacy, 21st Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia,Pa., 2001; or in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6^(th) ed.,published by Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Association,2009.

i) Oral Administration

The compounds of the invention may be administered orally (peroraladministration; per os (latin)). Oral administration involve swallowing,so that the compound is absorbed from the gut and delivered to the livervia the portal circulation (hepatic first pass metabolism) and finallyenters the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Compositions for oral administration may take the form of tablets,retard tablets, sublingual tablets, capsules, inhalation aerosols,inhalation solutions, dry powder inhalation, or liquid preparations,such as mixtures, solutions, elixirs, syrups or suspensions, allcontaining the compound of the invention; such preparations may be madeby methods well-known in the art. The active ingredient may also bepresented as a bolus, electuary or paste.

Where the composition is in the form of a tablet, any pharmaceuticalcarrier routinely used for preparing solid formulations may be used.Examples of such carriers include magnesium stearate, talc, gelatine,acacia, stearic acid, starch, lactose and sucrose.

A tablet may be made by compression or moulding, optionally with one ormore accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared bycompressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in afree-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with abinder, lubricant, inert diluent, lubricating, surface active ordispersing agent.

Moulded tablets may be made by moulding in a suitable machine a mixtureof the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. Thetablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so asto provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein.

For tablet dosage forms, depending on dose, the drug may make up from 1wt % to 80 wt % of the dosage form, more typically from 5 wt % to 60 wt% of the dosage form. In addition to the drug, tablets generally containa disintegrant. Examples of disintegrants include sodium starchglycolate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone,methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, lower alkyl-substitutedhydroxypropyl cellulose, starch, pregelatinized starch and sodiumalginate. Generally, the disintegrant will comprise from 1 wt % to 25 wt%, preferably from 5 wt % to 20 wt % of the dosage form.

Binders are generally used to impart cohesive qualities to a tabletformulation. Suitable binders include microcrystalline cellulose,gelatin, sugars, polyethylene glycol, natural and synthetic gums,polyvinylpyrrolidone, pregelatinized starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose andhydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Tablets may also contain diluents, suchas lactose (monohydrate, spray-dried monohydrate, anhydrous and thelike), mannitol, xylitol, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, microcrystallinecellulose, starch and dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate. Tablets mayalso optionally include surface active agents, such as sodium laurylsulfate and polysorbate 80, and glidants such as silicon dioxide andtalc. When present, surface active agents are typically in amounts offrom 0.2 wt % to 5 wt % of the tablet, and glidants typically from 0.2wt % to 1 wt % of the tablet.

Tablets also generally contain lubricants such as magnesium stearate,calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, and mixturesof magnesium stearate with sodium lauryl sulphate. Lubricants generallyare present in amounts from 0.25 wt % to 10 wt %, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 3 wt % of the tablet. Other conventional ingredients includeanti-oxidants, colorants, flavoring agents, preservatives andtaste-masking agents.

Exemplary tablets contain up to about 80 wt % drug, from about 10 wt %to about 90 wt % binder, from about 0 wt % to about 85 wt % diluent,from about 2 wt % to about 10 wt % disintegrant, and from about 0.25 wt% to about 10 wt % lubricant. Tablet blends may be compressed directlyor by roller to form tablets. Tablet blends or portions of blends mayalternatively be wet-, dry-, or melt-granulated, melt congealed, orextruded before tabletting. The final formulation may include one ormore layers and may be coated or uncoated; or encapsulated.

The formulation of tablets is discussed in detail in “PharmaceuticalDosage Forms: Tablets, Vol. 1”, by H. Lieberman and L. Lachman, MarcelDekker, N.Y., 1980.

Where the composition is in the form of a capsule, any routineencapsulation is suitable, for example using the aforementioned carriersin a hard gelatine capsule. Where the composition is in the form of asoft gelatine capsule any pharmaceutical carrier routinely used forpreparing dispersions or suspensions may be considered, for exampleaqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils, and are incorporated in asoft gelatine capsule.

Solid formulations for oral administration may be formulated to beimmediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations includedelayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted and programmedrelease.

Liquid formulations include suspensions, solutions, syrups and elixirs.Such formulations may be used as fillers in soft or hard capsules andtypically include a carrier, for example, water, ethanol, polyethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, methylcellulose, or a suitable oil, and one ormore emulsifying agents and/or suspending agents. The solutions may beaqueous solutions of a soluble salt or other derivative of the activecompound in association with, for example, sucrose to form a syrup. Thesuspensions may comprise an insoluble active compound of the inventionor a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in association with water,together with a suspending agent or flavouring agent. Liquidformulations may also be prepared by the reconstitution of a solid, forexample, from a sachet.

ii) Oral Mucosal Administration

The compounds of the invention can also be administered via the oralmucosal. Within the oral mucosal cavity, delivery of drugs is classifiedinto three categories: (a) sublingual delivery, which is systemicdelivery of drugs through the mucosal membranes lining the floor of themouth, (b) buccal delivery, which is drug administration through themucosal membranes lining the cheeks (buccal mucosa), and (c) localdelivery, which is drug delivery into the oral cavity.

Pharmaceutical products to be administered via the oral mucosal can bedesigned using mucoadhesive, quick dissolve tablets and solid lozengeformulations, which are formulated with one or more mucoadhesive(bioadhesive) polymers (such as hydroxy propyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyisobutyleneor polyisoprene); and oral mucosal permeation enhancers (such asbutanol, butyric acid, propranolol, sodium lauryl sulphate and others)

iii) Inhaled Administration

The compounds of the invention can also be administered by inhalation,typically in the form of a dry powder (either alone, as a mixture, forexample, in a dry blend with lactose, or as a mixed component particle,for example, mixed with phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine) froma dry powder inhaler or as an aerosol spray from a pressurizedcontainer, pump, spray, atomizer (preferably an atomizer usingelectrohydrodynamics to produce a fine mist), or nebulizer, with orwithout the use of a suitable propellant, such as1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane. Forintranasal use, the powder may include a bioadhesive agent, for example,chitosan or cyclodextrin.

Dry powder compositions for topical delivery to the lung by inhalationmay, for example, be presented in capsules and cartridges of for examplegelatine or blisters of for example laminated aluminium foil, for use inan inhaler or insufflator. Formulations generally contain a powder mixfor inhalation of the compound of the invention and a suitable powderbase (carrier substance) such as lactose or starch. Use of lactose ispreferred. Each capsule or cartridge may generally contain between0.0001-10 mg, more preferably 0.001-2 mg of active ingredient or theequivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.Alternatively, the active ingredient (s) may be presented withoutexcipients.

Packaging of the formulation may be suitable for unit dose or multi-dosedelivery. In the case of multi-dose delivery, the formulation can bepre-metered or metered in use. Dry powder inhalers are thus classifiedinto three groups: (a) single dose, (b) multiple unit dose and (c) multidose devices.

For inhalers of the first type, single doses have been weighed by themanufacturer into small containers, which are mostly hard gelatinecapsules. A capsule has to be taken from a separate box or container andinserted into a receptacle area of the inhaler. Next, the capsule has tobe opened or perforated with pins or cutting blades in order to allowpart of the inspiratory air stream to pass through the capsule forpowder entrainment or to discharge the powder from the capsule throughthese perforations by means of centrifugal force during inhalation.After inhalation, the emptied capsule has to be removed from the inhaleragain. Mostly, disassembling of the inhaler is necessary for insertingand removing the capsule, which is an operation that can be difficultand burdensome for some patients.

Other drawbacks related to the use of hard gelatine capsules forinhalation powders are (a) poor protection against moisture uptake fromthe ambient air, (b) problems with opening or perforation after thecapsules have been exposed previously to extreme relative humidity,which causes fragmentation or indenture, and (c) possible inhalation ofcapsule fragments. Moreover, for a number of capsule inhalers,incomplete expulsion has been reported (e.g. Nielsen et al, 1997).

Some capsule inhalers have a magazine from which individual capsules canbe transferred to a receiving chamber, in which perforation and emptyingtakes place, as described in WO 92/03175. Other capsule inhalers haverevolving magazines with capsule chambers that can be brought in linewith the air conduit for dose discharge (e.g. WO91/02558 and GB2242134). They comprise the type of multiple unit dose inhalers togetherwith blister inhalers, which have a limited number of unit doses insupply on a disk or on a strip.

Blister inhalers provide better moisture protection of the medicamentthan capsule inhalers. Access to the powder is obtained by perforatingthe cover as well as the blister foil, or by peeling off the cover foil.When a blister strip is used instead of a disk, the number of doses canbe increased, but it is inconvenient for the patient to replace an emptystrip. Therefore, such devices are often disposable with theincorporated dose system, including the technique used to transport thestrip and open the blister pockets.

Multi-dose inhalers do not contain pre-measured quantities of the powderformulation. They consist of a relatively large container and a dosemeasuring principle that has to be operated by the patient. Thecontainer bears multiple doses that are isolated individually from thebulk of powder by volumetric displacement. Various dose measuringprinciples exist, including rotatable membranes (Ex. EP0069715) or disks(Ex. GB 2041763; EP 0424790; DE 4239402 and EP 0674533), rotatablecylinders (Ex. EP 0166294; GB 2165159 and WO 92/09322) and rotatablefrustums (Ex. WO 92/00771), all having cavities which have to be filledwith powder from the container. Other multi dose devices have measuringslides (Ex. U.S. Pat. No. 5,201,308 and WO 97/00703) or measuringplungers with a local or circumferential recess to displace a certainvolume of powder from the container to a delivery chamber or an airconduit (Ex. EP 0505321, WO 92/04068 and WO 92/04928), or measuringslides such as the Genuair® (formerly known as Novolizer SD2FL), whichis described the following patent applications Nos: WO97/000703,WO03/000325 and WO2006/008027.

Reproducible dose measuring is one of the major concerns for multi doseinhaler devices.

The powder formulation has to exhibit good and stable flow properties,because filling of the dose measuring cups or cavities is mostly underthe influence of the force of gravity.

For reloaded single dose and multiple unit dose inhalers, the dosemeasuring accuracy and reproducibility can be guaranteed by themanufacturer. Multi dose inhalers on the other hand, can contain a muchhigher number of doses, whereas the number of handlings to prime a doseis generally lower.

Because the inspiratory air stream in multi-dose devices is oftenstraight across the dose measuring cavity, and because the massive andrigid dose measuring systems of multi dose inhalers can not be agitatedby this inspiratory air stream, the powder mass is simply entrained fromthe cavity and little de-agglomeration is obtained during discharge.

Consequently, separate disintegration means are necessary. However inpractice, they are not always part of the inhaler design. Because of thehigh number of doses in multi-dose devices, powder adhesion onto theinner walls of the air conduits and the de-agglomeration means must beminimized and/or regular cleaning of these parts must be possible,without affecting the residual doses in the device. Some multi doseinhalers have disposable drug containers that can be replaced after theprescribed number of doses has been taken (Ex. WO 97/000703). For suchsemi-permanent multi dose inhalers with disposable drug containers, therequirements to prevent drug accumulation are even more strict.

Apart from applications through dry powder inhalers the compositions ofthe invention can be administered in aerosols which operate viapropellant gases or by means of so-called atomisers, via which solutionsof pharmacologically-active substances can be sprayed under highpressure so that a mist of inhalable particles results. The advantage ofthese atomisers is that the use of propellant gases can be completelydispensed with. Such atomiser is the Respimat® which is described, forexample, in PCT Patent Applications Nos. WO 91/14468 and WO 97/12687,reference here is being made to the contents thereof.

Spray compositions for topical delivery to the lung by inhalation mayfor example be formulated as aqueous solutions or suspensions or asaerosols delivered from pressurised packs, such as a metered doseinhaler, with the use of a suitable liquefied propellant. Aerosolcompositions suitable for inhalation can be either a suspension or asolution and generally contain the active ingredient (s) and a suitablepropellant such as a fluorocarbon or hydrogen-containingchlorofluorocarbon or mixtures thereof, particularly hydrofluoroalkanes,e.g. dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,dichlorotetra-fluoroethane, especially 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane or a mixture thereof. Carbon dioxideor other suitable gas may also be used as propellant.

The aerosol composition may be excipient free or may optionally containadditional formulation excipients well known in the art such assurfactants (eg oleic acid or lecithin) and cosolvens (eg ethanol).Pressurised formulations will generally be retained in a canister (eg analuminium canister) closed with a valve (eg a metering valve) and fittedinto an actuator provided with a mouthpiece.

Medicaments for administration by inhalation desirably have a controlledparticle size. The optimum particle size for inhalation into thebronchial system is usually 1-10 μm, preferably 2-5 μm. Particles havinga size above 20 μm are generally too large when inhaled to reach thesmall airways. To achieve these particle sizes the particles of theactive ingredient as produced may be size reduced by conventional meanseg by micronisation. The desired fraction may be separated out by airclassification or sieving. Preferably, the particles will becrystalline.

Achieving high dose reproducibility with micronised powders is difficultbecause of their poor flowability and extreme agglomeration tendency. Toimprove the efficiency of dry powder compositions, the particles shouldbe large while in the inhaler, but small when discharged into therespiratory tract. Thus, an excipient such as lactose or glucose isgenerally employed. The particle size of the excipient will usually bemuch greater than the inhaled medicament within the present invention.When the excipient is lactose it will typically be present as milledlactose, preferably crystalline alpha lactose monohydrate.

Pressurized aerosol compositions will generally be filled into canistersfitted with a valve, especially a metering valve. Canisters mayoptionally be coated with a plastics material e.g. a fluorocarbonpolymer as described in WO96/32150. Canisters will be fitted into anactuator adapted for buccal delivery.

iv) Nasal Mucosal Administration

The compounds of the invention may also be administered via the nasalmucosal. Typical compositions for nasal mucosa administration aretypically applied by a metering, atomizing spray pump and are in theform of a solution or suspension in an inert vehicle such as wateroptionally in combination with conventional excipients such as buffers,anti-microbials, tonicity modifying agents and viscosity modifyingagents.

v) Parenteral Administration

The compounds of the invention may also be administered directly intothe blood stream, into muscle, or into an internal organ. Suitable meansfor parenteral administration include intravenous, intraarterial,intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraventricular, intraurethral,intrasternal, intracranial, intramuscular and subcutaneous. Suitabledevices for parenteral administration include needle (includingmicroneedle) injectors, needle-free injectors and infusion techniques.

Parenteral formulations are typically aqueous solutions which maycontain excipients such as salts, carbohydrates and buffering agents(preferably to a pH of from 3 to 9), but, for some applications, theymay be more suitably formulated as a sterile non-aqueous solution or asa dried form to be used in conjunction with a suitable vehicle such assterile, pyrogen-free water.

The preparation of parenteral formulations under sterile conditions, forexample, by lyophilization, may readily be accomplished using standardpharmaceutical techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Thesolubility of compounds of the invention used in the preparation ofparenteral solutions may be increased by the use of appropriateformulation techniques, such as the incorporation ofsolubility-enhancing agents.

Formulations for parenteral administration may be formulated to beimmediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations includedelayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted and programmedrelease. Thus compounds of the invention may be formulated as a solid,semi-solid, or thixotropic liquid for administration as an implanteddepot providing modified release of the active compound. Examples ofsuch formulations include drug-coated stents and PGLA microspheres.

vi) Topical Administration

The compounds of the invention may also be administered topically to theskin or mucosa, that is, dermally or transdermally. Typical formulationsfor this purpose include gels, hydrogels, lotions, solutions, creams,ointments, dusting powders, dressings, foams, films, skin patches,wafers, implants, sponges, fibers, bandages and microemulsions.Liposomes may also be used. Typical carriers include alcohol, water,mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, glycerin, polyethyleneglycol and propylene glycol. Penetration enhancers may be incorporated;see, for example, J Pharm Sci, 88 (10), 955-958 by Finnin and Morgan(October 1999). Other means of topical administration include deliveryby electroporation, iontophoresis, phonophoresis, sonophoresis andmicroneedle or needle-free injection.

Formulations for topical administration may be formulated to beimmediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations includedelayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted and programmedrelease.

vii) Rectal/Intravaginal Administration

Compounds of the invention may be administered rectally or vaginally,for example, in the form of a suppository, pessary, or enema. Cocoabutter is a traditional suppository base, but various alternatives maybe used as appropriate. Formulations for rectal/vaginal administrationmay be formulated to be immediate and/or modified release. Modifiedrelease formulations include delayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-,targeted and programmed release.

viii) Ocular Administration

Compounds of the invention may also be administered directly to the eyeor ear, typically in the form of drops of a micronized suspension orsolution in isotonic, pH-adjusted, sterile saline. Other formulationssuitable for ocular and aural administration include ointments,biodegradable {e.g. absorbable gel sponges, collagen) andnonbiodegradable (e.g. silicone) implants, wafers, lenses andparticulate or vesicular systems, such as niosomes or liposomes. Apolymer such as crossed-linked polyacrylic acid, polyvinylalcohol,hyaluronic acid, a cellulosic polymer, for example,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, or methylcellulose, or a heteropolysaccharide polymer, for example, gelan gum,may be incorporated together with a preservative, such as benzalkoniumchloride. Such formulations may also be delivered by iontophoresis.

Formulations for ocular/aural administration may be formulated to beimmediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations includedelayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted, or programmedrelease.

ix) Other Technologies

Compounds of the invention may be combined with soluble macromolecularentities, such as cyclodextrin and suitable derivatives thereof orpolyethylene glycol-containing polymers, in order to improve theirsolubility, dissolution rate, taste-masking, bioavailability and/orstability for use in any of the aforementioned modes of administration.

The amount of the active compound administered will be dependent on thesubject being treated, the severity of the disorder or condition, therate of administration, the disposition of the compound and thediscretion of the prescribing physician. However, an effective dosage istypically in the range of 0.01-3000 μg, more preferably 0.5-1000 μg ofactive ingredient or the equivalent amount of a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof per day. Daily dosage may be administered in oneor more treatments, preferably from 1 to 4 treatments, per day.

The pharmaceutical formulations may conveniently be presented in unitdosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in theart of pharmacy. Preferably the composition is in unit dosage form, forexample a tablet, capsule or metered aerosol dose, so that the patientmay administer a single dose.

The active substance compositions according to the invention arepreferably administered in the form of compositions for inhalationdelivered with the help of inhalers, especially dry powder inhalers;however, any other form of nasal, topical, parenteral or oralapplication is possible. Here, the application of inhaled compositionsembodies one of the preferred application form, especially in thetherapy of obstructive lung diseases or for the treatment of asthma.

Combinations

The compounds of the invention can also be used in combination withother drugs known to be effective in the treatment of the diseases orthe disorders indicated above. For example the compounds of the presentinvention can be combined with a corticosteroid and/or with a PDE4inhibitor.

Accordingly, another embodiment of the invention is a combinationproduct comprising

-   -   (i) at least a compound as defined previously, and    -   (ii) one or more active ingredients selected from the group        consisting of a corticosteroid and a PDE4 inhibitor,    -   for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment of        the human or animal body.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is a combination product asdefined before for the treatment or prevention of pathologicalconditions, diseases and disorders associated with both β2 adrenergicreceptor agonist and muscarinic receptor antagonist activities inparticular wherein the pathological condition or disease is selectedfrom a pulmonary disease, such as asthma or chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, pre-term labor, glaucoma, a neurological disorder, acardiac disorder, inflammation, urological disorders such as urinaryincontinence and gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowelsyndrome or spastic colitis; as well as a method for treating a subjectafflicted with a pathological condition or disease associated with bothβ2 adrenergic receptor agonist and muscarinic receptor antagonistactivities, in particular wherein the pathological condition or diseaseis selected from a pulmonary disease, such as asthma or chronicobstructive pulmonary disease, pre-term labor, glaucoma, a neurologicaldisorder, a cardiac disorder, inflammation, urological disorders such asurinary incontinence and gastrointestinal disorders such as irritablebowel syndrome or spastic colitis; preferably asthma and chronicobstructive pulmonary disease, which comprises administering to saidsubject an effective amount of a combination product as defined before.

As indicated above, the compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts,solvates, N-oxides, isomers, isotopes, polymorphs or prodrugs thereof,according to the invention may also be used in combination with anothertherapeutically active agent, for example a corticosteroid and/or with aPDE4 inhibitor.

The amount of each active which is required to achieve a therapeuticeffect will, of course, vary with the particular active, the route ofadministration, the subject under treatment, and the particular diseaseor disorder being treated.

The active ingredients may be administered from 1 to 6 times a day,sufficient to exhibit the desired activity. Preferably, the activeingredients are administered once or twice a day, most preferably once aday.

Examples of suitable corticosteroids and glucocorticoids that can becombined with the compounds of the invention are prednisolone,methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, dexamethasone acetate, dexamethasonecipecilate, naflocort, deflazacort, halopredone acetate, budesonide,beclomethasone dipropionate, hydrocortisone, triamcinolone acetonide,fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, clocortolone pivalate,methylprednisolone aceponate, dexamethasone palmitoate, tipredane,hydrocortisone aceponate, prednicarbate, alclometasone dipropionate,halometasone, methylprednisolone suleptanate, mometasone, mometasonefuroate, rimexolone, prednisolone farnesylate, ciclesonide, butixocortpropionate, RS-85095, CGP-13774, GW-250495, deltacortisone,NO-Prednisolone, NO-Budesonide, etiprednol dicloacetate, QAE-397,7beta-OH-EPIA, RPR-106541, deprodone propionate, fluticasone,fluticasone propionate, fluticasone furoate, halobetasol propionate,loteprednol etabonate, betamethasone butyrate propionate, flunisolide,prednisone, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, triamcinolone, betamethasone17-valerate, betamethasone, betamethasone dipropionate, 21-Chloro-11beta-hydroxy-17alpha-[2-(methylsulfanyl)acetoxy]-4-pregnene-3,20-dione,desisobutyrylciclesonide, hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone sodiumsuccinate, prednisolone sodium phosphate and hydrocortisone probutate,prednisolone sodium metasulfobenzoate and clobetasol propionate.

Examples of suitable PDE4 inhibitors that can be combined with thecompounds of the present invention are benafentrine dimaleate,etazolate, denbufylline, rolipram, cipamfylline, zardaverine,arofylline, filaminast, tipelukast, tofimilast, piclamilast,tolafentrine, mesopram, drotaverine hydrochloride, lirimilast,roflumilast, cilomilast, oglemilast, apremilast, tetomilast, revamilast,ronomilast,(R)-(+)-4-[2-(3-Cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethyl]pyridine(CDP-840), N-(3,5-Dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-2-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl]-2-oxoacetamide (GSK-842470),9-(2-Fluorobenzyl)-N6-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)adenine (NCS-613),N-(3,5-Dichloro-4-pyridinyl)-8-methoxyquinoline-5-carboxamide (D-4418),3-[3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzyl]-6-(ethylamino)-8-isopropyl-3H-purinehydrochloride (V-11294A),6-[3-(N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfonyl]-4-(3-methoxyphenylamino)-8-methylquinoline-3-carboxamidehydrochloride (GSK-256066),4-[6,7-Diethoxy-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one(T-440),(−)-trans-2-[3′-[3-(N-Cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-1-yl]-3-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylicacid, MK-0873, CDC-801, GSK-356278, TA-7906, CP-80633, RPL-554, NIK-616,GPD-1116, D4396, UK-500001, BLX-914,2-carbomethoxy-4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)cyclohexanl-one,cis[4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-ol,5(S)-[3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-3(S)-(3-methylbenzyl)piperidin-2-one (IPL-455903), ONO-6126 (Eur Respir J 2003, 22(Suppl.45): Abst 2557) and the compounds claimed in the PCT patent applicationsnumber WO 03/097613, WO 2004/058729, WO 2005/049581, WO 2005/123693, WO2005/123692, and WO 2010/069504.

Particularly preferred combination products according to the inventioncomprise a compound of the present invention and a therapeuticallyeffective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents selectedfrom the group consisting of mometasone furoate, ciclesonide,budesonide, fluticasone propionate, fluticasone furoate, betamethasonevalerate, clobetasol propionate, rolipram, roflumilast, oglemilast,cilomilast, arofylline, apremilast and tetomilast.

Thus, in one aspect of the invention, the combination product comprisesa compound of the present invention and a corticosteroid. Particularlypreferred corticosteroids are those selected from the group consistingof mometasone furoate, ciclesonide, budesonide, fluticasone furoate,fluticasone propionate, betamethasone valerate and clobetasolpropionate.

In a still other aspect of the invention, the combination productcomprises a compound of the present invention and a PDE4 inhibitor.Particularly preferred PDE4 inhibitors are those selected from the groupconsisting of rolipram, roflumilast, oglemilast, cilomilast and thecompounds claimed in the PCT patent applications number WO 03/097613, WO2004/058729, WO 2005/049581, WO 2005/123693, WO 2005/123692, and WO2010/069504. The combination product may further comprise acorticosteroid selected from the group consisting of mometasone furoate,ciclesonide, budesonide, fluticasone furoate and fluticasone propionate.

The compounds of the present invention and the combinations of theinvention may be used in the treatment of respiratory, skin andinflammatory diseases, wherein the use of a dual both β2 adrenergicreceptor agonist and antimuscarinic receptor antagonist is expected tohave a beneficial effect, for example a pulmonary disease, such asasthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pre-term labor,glaucoma, a neurological disorder, a cardiac disorder, inflammation,urological disorders such as urinary incontinence and gastrointestinaldisorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colitis;preferably asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The active compounds in the combination product may be administeredtogether in the same pharmaceutical composition or in differentcompositions intended for separate, simultaneous, concomitant orsequential administration by the same or a different route.

It is contemplated that all active agents would be administered at thesame time, or very close in time. Alternatively, one or two activescould be administered in the morning and the other (s) later in the day.Or in another scenario, one or two actives could be administered twicedaily and the other (s) once daily, either at the same time as one ofthe twice-a-day dosing occurred, or separately. Preferably at least two,and more preferably all, of the actives would be administered togetherat the same time. Preferably, at least two, and more preferably allactives would be administered as an admixture.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE Formulation Example 1 (Oral Suspension)

Ingredient Amount Active Compound 3 mg Citric acid 0.5 g Sodium chloride2.0 g Methyl paraben 0.1 g Granulated sugar 25 g Sorbitol (70% solution)11 g Veegum K 1.0 g Flavoring 0.02 g Dye 0.5 mg Distilled water q.s. to100 mL

Formulation Example 2 (Hard Gelatine Capsule for Oral Administration)

Ingredient Amount Active Compound 1 mg Lactose 150 mg Magnesium stearate3 mg

Formulation Example 3 (Gelatin Cartridge for Inhalation)

Ingredient Amount Active Compound (micronized) 0.2 mg Lactose 25 mg

Formulation Example 4 (Formulation for Inhalation with a DPI)

Ingredient Amount Active Compound (micronized) 15 mg Lactose 3000 mg

Formulation Example 5 (Formulation for a MDI)

Ingredient Amount Active Compound (micronized) 10 g1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane q.s. to 200 ml

1-33. (canceled)
 34. A compound of formula (IV), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt, solvate, or deuterated derivative thereof:

wherein

is a double bond or a single bond, R³ is formula:

wherein: R⁴ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, ahydroxymethyl group, and a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group, R⁵ andR⁶ are independently chosen from a thienyl group, a phenyl group, abenzyl group, and a C44 cycloalkyl group, Q is chosen from a direct bondor an oxygen atom, * is a point of attachment of R³ to the remainder ofFormula (IV). R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently chosen from a hydrogen atomand a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group, V and W are independentlychosen from —N—, —C—, —S—, —O—, and —C(O)—, n is 0, 1 or 2, and m is 2,3 or
 4. 35. The compound according to claim 34, wherein the compound ischosen from: Intermediate 9:trans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate;Intermediate 16:trans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate; Intermediate 21:trans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate; Intermediate 24:trans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-indol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate; Intermediate 73:trans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzothiazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate; Intermediate 83:trans-4-[[2-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)ethyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate; Intermediate 87:trans-4-[[4-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)butyl](methyl)amino]-cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate; Intermediate 92:trans-4-[[3-(6-formyl-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl9-methyl-9H-xanthene-9-carboxylate; Intermediate 100:trans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexyl(2S)-cyclopentyl(hydroxy)2-thienylacetate; and Intermediate 108:trans-4-(methyl{3-[2-oxo-6-(2-oxoethyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-3(2H)-yl]propyl}amino)cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt,solvate, or deuterated derivative thereof.
 36. The compound according toclaim 34, wherein the compound is Intermediate 21:trans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate.
 37. A process for the preparation oftrans-4-[[3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl](methyl)amino]cyclohexylhydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate, Intermediate 21, comprising the step ofreacting trans-4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl hydroxy(di-2-thienyl)acetate,Intermediate 5, with a compound of formula (XIV),

wherein

is a double bond, V and W are nitrogen, m is 3, n is 0, R⁸ is hydrogen,and X₁ is chosen from a bromine atom, a —O-methanesulfonyl group and a—O-p-toluenesulfonyl group.
 38. The process of claim 37, wherein thecompound of formula (XIV) is Intermediate 20:1-(3-bromopropyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbaldehyde.
 39. The processof claim 37, wherein the compound of formula (XIV) is Intermediate 99:3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl methanesulfonate.
 40. Theprocess of claim 37, wherein the reaction is carried out in an organicsolvent.
 41. The process of claim 40, wherein the organic solvent isacetonitrile.
 42. The process of claim 37, wherein the reaction iscarried out at a temperature between 75° C. to 90° C.
 43. The process ofclaim 37, wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of anorganic base.
 44. The process of claim 43, wherein the organic base ischosen from diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) and triethylamine (Et₃N).
 45. Acompound selected from Intermediate 20:1-(3-bromopropyl)-H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carbaldehyde or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or deuterated derivativethereof.
 46. A compound selected from Intermediate 99:3-(5-formyl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)propyl methanesulfonate or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or deuterated derivativethereof.
 47. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (ID)or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or deuterated derivativethereof:

wherein R⁹ is hydrogen, X and Y are independently chosen from a hydrogenatom or X together with Y forms —CH═CH—, —CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—O—, or —S—,wherein in the case of —CH₂—O— the methylene group is bound to thecarbon atom in the amido substituent containing X and the oxygen atom isbound to the carbon atom in the phenyl ring containing Y, comprising thestep of reacting a compound of formula (IV) or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt, solvate, or deuterated derivative thereof:

wherein

is a double bond or a single bond, R³ is formula:

wherein: R⁴ is chosen from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, ahydroxymethyl group, and a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group, R⁵ andR⁶ are independently chosen from a thienyl group, a phenyl group, abenzyl group, and a C₄₋₆ cycloalkyl group, Q is chosen from a directbond and an oxygen atom, * is a point of attachment of R³ to theremainder of Formula (IV), R⁸ and R¹⁰ are independently chosen from ahydrogen atom and a linear or branched C₁₋₄ alkyl group, V and W areindependently chosen from —N—, —C—, —S—, —O—, and —C(O)—, n is 0, 1 or2, and m is 2, 3 or
 4. with a compound of formula (III),

wherein P₁ and P₃ are independently chosen from a hydrogen atom or anoxygen-protecting group, and P₂ is chosen from a hydrogen atom or anitrogen-protecting group.
 48. The process of claim 47, wherein theoxygen-protecting group is chosen from a silyl and a benzyl ether. 49.The process of claim 47, wherein the nitrogen-protecting group is abenzyl group.
 50. The process of claim 47, wherein the step of reactinga compound of formula (IV) with a compound of formula (III) is carriedout in an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents.
 51. Theprocess of claim 50, wherein the solvent is chosen from THF, methanol,dichlorometane, 1,2-dichloroethane and DMSO.
 52. The process of claim50, wherein the mixture of solvents is chosen from THF/methanol and1,2-dichloroethane/methanol.
 53. The process of claim 47, wherein thestep of reacting a compound of formula (IV) with a compound of formula(III) is carried out at a temperature between 0° C. and 60° C.
 54. Theprocess of claim 47, wherein the step of reacting a compound of formula(IV) with a compound of formula (III) is carried out in the presence ofa reducing agent.
 55. The process of claim 54, wherein the reducingagent is chosen from sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydrideand sodium cyanoborohydride.
 56. The process of claim 47, wherein thestep of reacting a compound of formula (IV) with a compound of formula(III) is carried out in the presence of a tertiary amine.
 57. Theprocess of claim 56, wherein the tertiary amine is diisopropylethylamine(DIEA).